不同播期下水热因子对燕麦生长、产量和品质的影响

为了解不同播期下水热因子变化对燕麦生长、产量和品质的影响,以白燕2号裸燕麦品种为材料,于2018-2019年探究了5个不同播期（4月18、4月28日、5月8日、5月18日、5月28日）对燕麦生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：（1）随着播期的推后,燕麦生育期缩短5~14 d;播期每推迟10 d,营养生长期平均推迟5~9 d;燕麦拔节到抽穗期的降雨分配、全生育期降雨总量和苗期积温提高。（2）拔节到抽穗期的降雨量和整个生育期降雨总量增加有利于燕麦产量提高,分蘖到拔节期积温和拔节到抽穗期的降雨量与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关,抽穗到灌浆期的降雨量与粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关,但灌浆到成熟期期间降雨不利于燕麦产量和品质的形成。（3）5月28日播种的燕麦生长表现最佳,株高、茎粗和籽粒产量分别较4月18日播种提高了21.57%、25.12%和24.91%;燕麦品质以5月18日播种表现最优,β-葡聚糖、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别较4月18日播种平均提高了43.11%、9.22%和14.65%。总之,我国北方燕麦主产区不同的播期主要因为各生育时期的降雨量不同而影响燕麦产量和品质,其中拔节到灌浆期间的降雨量增加有利于燕麦粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量提高,燕麦全生育期总降雨量增加有利于产量形成。     

大麦高蛋白种质遗传稳定性分析

鉴定和筛选高蛋白大麦种质资源为育种者利用 ,提高饲用和食用大麦的营养品质是国内外大麦育种关注的热点。作者对“八五”、“九五”期间初鉴的 170余份蛋白质含量高的品种进行多点种植鉴定 ,从中选出 4 0份进行 2年多点重复鉴定和遗传稳定性分析 ,选出一批比Hiproly遗传稳定、性状比较优异的高蛋白种质。     

潞江坝气象对新台糖10甘蔗生育期的影响

1996年新台糖10甘蔗在潞江坝示范推广，已取得了很好的经济效益。现已成为潞江坝糖产业的主导品种之一。由于近几年区域小环境气候变化较大。本文就2004年气象对新台糖10甘蔗整个生育期的影响做一研究分析。供干热河谷区甘蔗种植参考。     

大豆异黄酮糖配体制备工艺研究

以大豆胚轴为原料,通过正交设计确立制备含染料木黄酮的糖配体酸水解条件,水解酸液的浓度为2.5 mol/L、水解温度为90℃,水解时间为3h.根据糖配体的溶解度与极性经AB-8大孔树脂柱乙醇溶剂分步淋洗(水→30%乙醇→80%乙醇)分离及以氯仿:甲醇:20%冰乙酸,体积比为7:3:1为展开系薄层小量制备出纯度为48.6%大豆异黄酮糖配体染料木黄酮.     

氧化-生物双降解地膜对棉花生长影响及降解效果

研究氧化-生物双降解地膜对棉花生长的影响及降解效果,为氧化-生物双降解地膜代替普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性及推广应用提供理论参考。试验采用2种不同配方的氧化-生物双降解地膜,以普通聚乙烯地膜作为对照,分析不同降解地膜对棉花生长及产量的影响,观测增温保墒效果,明确降解性能。结果表明：2种降解地膜对棉花生育期、农艺性状、产量性状和纤维品质未产生显著影响,籽棉产量和增温保墒效果与普通地膜基本相同;诱导期为39 d的2018新疆阿拉尔棉花1号降解膜降解率达47.3 %,显著高于其他处理,具有较高的应用价值。     

Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp₁ and Exp₂) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m²) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp₃). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp₁ and +3.9% in Exp₂). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp₁ and −7.8 in Exp₂) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp₁ and −4% in Exp₂). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level.     

2008-2010年度陕西关中小麦品质分析与比较

为掌握近年来关中地区小麦品质状况,以2008-2010年从关中地区3市9县（区）抽取的253个大田生产小麦样品为实验材料,对其品质进行了全面检测分析。结果表明,2009年小麦籽粒品质和磨粉品质较差,籽粒硬度、L＊值、a＊值、b＊值在年度间差异显著。总体来讲,关中地区小麦的蛋白质品质较好,且比较稳定,受环境条件影响较小;而淀粉品质受环境的影响较大,3年间淀粉峰值黏度、破损值、回生值均有显著差异;粉质参数和拉伸参数在不同年度的差异较小,比较稳定。     

栽培稻和普通野生稻居群根表铁膜形成能力的比较研究

根表铁膜形成能力反映了水稻根系氧化力的强弱。为了了解普通野生稻根系氧化力,采用水培铁胁迫试验对5个水稻品种和2个普通野生稻居群根表铁膜形成能力进行评价。结果表明:同亚洲栽培稻相比,普通野生稻拥有较高的根孔隙度,但其根表铁膜含量较低;供试植株的根孔隙度与根表铁膜含量之间没有相关性,这很可能与侧根的数量有关。     

云南元阳哈尼梯田水稻地方品种月亮谷的遗传变异分析

 为了揭示云南元阳哈尼梯田持续大面积种植的水稻地方品种月亮谷的遗传变异,利用20个表型性状和48个SSR标记,对采自元阳哈尼梯田11个村寨的98份月亮谷和8份对照品种进行分析。结果显示,98份月亮谷的质量性状变异系数较小;数量性状变异系数较大,变异系数范围为2.55%~24.90%;48个标记共检测出114个等位变异,平均为2.38个,变幅为1~4个;有效等位变异为87.65个,平均为1.83个,变幅为1~3.02;Nei遗传多样性（I）指数平均为0.64。表型聚类将月亮谷与对照品种分成两大类,所有月亮谷为一类,8个对照品种为另一类;SSR聚类则将所有月亮谷与4份籼型对照品种聚为一大类,4份粳型对照品种单独为一大类;分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明,月亮谷村寨之间变异（67.18%）大于村寨内（37.82%）。11个村寨月亮谷可以分成5个居群,这5个类群与其村寨间地理位置的距离相关,相邻村寨之间月亮谷遗传距离小,遗传相似度高。月亮谷这种特殊的遗传变异是由于独特的哈尼梯田及其传统文化长期作用的结果,月亮谷可作为优异基因资源进一步发掘和利用。     

Physiological responses of Quercus oleoides (Schltdl & Cham) to soils contaminated by diesel

ABSTRACT

Oil pollution is a worldwide threat to the environment that affects the development of plants. The effect of soil contaminated by diesel on the physiological responses of seedlings of Quercus oleoides was investigated in two independent experiments. We proposed that physiological performance will decrease when seedlings are exposed to higher concentration of contamination. At the first experiment, levels of pollution with diesel were of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, and 0%, 2% and 3.5% in the second one. In the first experiment, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and total chlorophyll of Q. oleoides were higher in the control seedling, and lower in treatments of pollution with 5%, 10% and 15% of diesel during 3 days of treatment. Only, seedlings in soil polluted with 5% of diesel survived up to 16 days; they showed a photosynthetic rate of 5 μmol m^?2 s^?1, which was lower than control seedlings (9 μmol m^?2 s^?1). This pattern was observed in stomatal conductance, transpiration and relative water content. Surprisingly, in the second experiment, seedlings showed a higher photosynthetic rate and growth at 2% of diesel-contaminated soil than control seedlings, a phenomenon known as hormesis. In both experiments, soil respiration was proportional to soils contaminated. We concluded that Q. oleoides is highly vulnerable in soils contaminated with above 5% of diesel, but it maintains its physiological activities in soils contaminated below 2%, suggesting that seedlings can grow under low concentration of diesel contaminant, and may be used in phytoremediation of soils with low concentrations of diesel contamination.