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51.
Stuart Fraser Alistair R McTaggart Julian Moreno Chan Thobile Nxumalo Louise S Shuey Michael J Wingfield 《Southern Forests》2019,81(1):85-90
Uromycladium acaciae is the cause of a severe wattle rust epidemic in plantations of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in southern Africa. Research on the biology of this damaging rust is assisting in the development of control strategies. One strategy under investigation is the identification and deployment of resistant lines of A. mearnsii. Selection of resistant families currently relies on large-scale, time-consuming and expensive field trials. In this study, we present a detailed artificial inoculation protocol for U. acaciae, which can be used to screen for resistance. The results of an experiment that used the protocol to screen the relative resistance of 12 families of A. mearnsii to U. acaciae are also presented. The developed artificial inoculation protocol can also be used to investigate several other aspects of this host–pathogen system. 相似文献
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Sara Sánchez-Moreno Sean Smukler Howard Ferris Anthony T. O’Geen Louise E. Jackson 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(5):727-744
The aim of this paper was to assess biodiversity among different habitats of an organic farm and the relationships between
some soil properties, nematode taxonomic diversity, and soil food web condition. Eight habitats were studied in the farm:
ponds, ditches, a riparian corridor, hedgerows, and four agricultural fields (mustard, oats, fallow, and legumes). The undisturbed
riparian corridor had higher soil and concentrations, and potentially mineralizable N and higher abundances of bacterivore nematodes and longer food webs. Canonical
correlation analysis showed associations between habitats and nematode trophic groups: predatory and bacterial-feeding nematodes
in the riparian corridor and hedgerows, omnivore nematodes in the ponds and ditches, and fungal-feeding nematodes in the legume
field. Soil chemical and physical properties mirrored the aboveground farm patterns and were more similar among habitats that
were or had been cultivated, compared to the riparian corridor. Soil food web indices, based on functional analysis of nematode
faunal composition, reflected the aboveground landscape heterogeneity. Discriminant analysis indicated that soil food web
indices separated the two most disturbed habitats (ponds and tailwater ditches) from the two least disturbed habitats (the
riparian corridor and hedgerows). The indices correlated with soil functioning as inferred by soil properties. Abundance of
nematode taxa was not associated with aboveground landscape patterns. The complexity of the soil food web may have been influenced
by (1) environmental factors that differed between years, (2) different time periods since disturbance in the various habitats,
and (3) movement of nutrients and organisms by water flow between habitats in the farmscale. 相似文献
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Santiago Peralta Angela L. McCleary‐Wheeler Gerald E. Duhamel Kristiina Heikinheimo Jennifer K. Grenier 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):439-445
Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumour that occurs in humans and dogs. Most ameloblastomas (AM) in humans harbour mutually‐exclusive driving mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS or FGFR2 that activate MAPK signalling, and in SMO that activates Hedgehog signalling. The remarkable clinical and histological similarities between canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) and AM suggest they may harbour similar driving mutations. In this study, aimed at characterizing the mutational status of SMO, BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and FGFR2 in CAA, we used RNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to demonstrate that 94% of CAA (n = 16) harbour a somatic HRAS p.Q61R mutation. The similarities in MAPK‐activating mutational profiles between CAA and AM implicate conserved molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, thus, qualifying the dog as a potentially useful model of disease. Given the relevance of RAS mutations in the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumours and other types of cancer, the results of this study are of comparative, translational, and veterinary value. 相似文献
56.
Clark L Clutton RE Blissitt KJ Chase-Topping ME 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(1):22-29
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of peri-operative morphine on the quality and duration of recovery from halothane anaesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. ANIMALS: Twenty-two client owned horses, ASA category I or II. METHODS: Horses undergoing elective surgical procedures were divided into two groups and paired according to procedure, body position during surgery, body mass and breed. Group M+ received morphine by intravenous injection (0.15 mg kg(-1)) before induction of anaesthesia and then by infusion (0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) during anaesthesia. Group M- received the same anaesthetic agents except that morphine was excluded. At the end of surgery, the horses were placed in a recovery box and allowed to recover without assistance. Recoveries were recorded on videotape, beginning when the anaesthetist left the recovery box, and ending when the horse stood up. Recoveries were assessed from digital video recordings by three observers, unaware of treatment. The time to first movement, attempting and attaining sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. The quality of various aspects of the recovery was assessed to produce a total recovery score; high numerical values indicate poor recoveries. The duration of anaesthesia and the total dose of morphine administered were recorded. RESULTS: The mean morphine dose (95% CI) was 147 (135-160) mg [equivalent to 0.27 (0.25-0.29) mg kg(-1)]. The recovery scores (median, 95% CI) for the M- and M+ groups were 25, 19-41 and 20, 14-26, respectively. Total score increased as duration of anaesthesia increased, independent of treatment. Untreated (M-) horses made more attempts to achieve sternal recumbency: mean number of attempts (95% CI) for M- was 4.5 (2.7-6.2) compared with 2.0 (1.4-2.6) (M+). Untreated horses made more attempts to stand (2.1, 1.6-2.6) compared with the morphine recipients (1.3, 1.1-1.5). Time to standing (in minutes) was significantly (p = 0.0146) longer for the untreated (31.3, 24.3-38.3) compared with treated animals (26.6, 20.9-32.3). The interval between the first movement in recovery to the time at standing was significantly (p < 0.001) longer for M- (14.5, 12.1-16.9 minutes) compared with M+ animals (7.4, 5.0-9.8 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Recoveries from anaesthesia in the morphine recipients were characterized by fewer attempts to attain sternal recumbency and standing, and a shorter time from the first recovery movement to the time of standing. 相似文献
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