不同类型玉米生理特征与产量的关系

通过对不同类型玉米的产量及光合生理指标的测定表明，在合理密度下，玉米的产量主要由叶片光合能力所决定，特别是生殖生长期中上部叶片的净光合速率。同时表明登海6号在吐丝期下部叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、光合有效辐射、气孔导度均高于其他品种（组合）且差异显著，在乳熟期登海6号中上部叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、气孔导度均高于其他品种（组合）且差异显著，并总结了高山生态条件下，玉米高产的生理特征：吐丝期前下部叶片净光合速率高，于粒灌浆期中上部叶片净光合速率高且持续时间长，茎叶物质输出率高。     

棉花产量育种的数量性状分析

产量是棉花育种的主要目标之一，为提高棉花产量育种效率，本文从产量结构模式、产量与其构成因素的相关关系两方面，分析了与棉花产量育种有关的数量性状，并讨论了提高棉花产量遗传潜力的可能性     

我国引进的温室设施及国内温室的发展

本文全面介绍了我国引进温室设施的结构性能特点及使用效果,论述了引进温室在中国的适应性问题,介绍了我国近代温室发展过程及温室制造业现况,提出我国温室发展的意见。     

Detection of genetically modified maize MON810 and NK603 by multiplex and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods

In this study, the event-specific primers for insecticide-resistant maize, MON810, and herbicide-tolerance maize, NK603, have been designed. Simplex PCR and multiplex PCR detection method have been developed. The detection limit of the multiplex PCR is 0.5% for MON810 and NK603 in 50 ng of the template for one reaction. Quantitative methods based on real-time quantitative PCR were developed for MON810 and NK603. Plasmid pMulM2 as reference molecules for the detection of MON810 and NK603 was constructed. Quantification range was from 0.5 to 100% in 100 ng of the DNA template for one reaction. The precision of real-time Q-PCR detection methods, expressed as coefficient of variation for MON810 and NK603 varied from 1.97 to 8.01% and from 3.45 to 10.94%, respectively. The range agreed with European interlaboratories test results (25%). According to the results, the methods for quantitative detection of genetically modified maize were acceptable.     

强非线性水平混沌振动台

该文研究了一种水平混沌振动台,机构的运动微分方程是强非线性的,数值仿真和实验结果表明,该振动台的动态响应是混沌的,且敏感依赖于初始条件。     

美国DASM系统及其在林业中的应用

介绍了美国林务局广泛使用,基于GIS/GPS集成的快速制图系统DASM的开发背景、系统的软件和硬件组成、核心软件GeoLink的数据处理方法,分析了该系统在林业调查中的优势与不足,指出其在林业中的应用领域及前景.     

A new coumestan with immunosuppressive activities from Flemingia philippinensis

A new coumestan, 1,3,9-trihydroxy-8-methoxycoumestan, named flemicoumestan A 1 together with nine isoflavone-related compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Flemingia philippinensis. Their structures were elucidated and confirmed by spectroscopic methods and literature data. Compounds 3 and 4 showed strong lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 1.04-2.76 μM, and the low cytotoxicity with the CC₅₀ value of 71.01 and 56.36 μM, respectively.     

生态公益林补偿标准确定的问题、方法与建议

生态公益林补偿是生态公益林建设的一项重要内容,如何合理有效地确立生态公益林补偿标准,是解决区域经济发展与生态环境保护矛盾关键。笔者在查阅文献的基础上,概括了我国现有生态补偿标准现状以及存在的主要问题,并对生态公益林补偿标准确定的影响因素和主要方法进行了总结和阐述,最后对如何完善生态补偿标准确定提出几点建议。     

Functional and structural responses of bacterial and fungal communities from paddy fields following long-term rice cultivation

Purpose

Rice paddy soils undergo pedogenesis driven by periodic flooding and drainage cycles that lead to accumulation of organic matter and the stratification of nutrients and oxygen in the soil profile. Here, we examined the effects of continuous rice cultivation on microbial community structures, enzyme activities, and chemical properties for paddy soils along a chronosequence representing 0–700 years of rice cropping in China.

Materials and methods

Changes in the abundance and composition of bacterial and fungal communities were characterized at three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm) in relation to organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen, and activities of acid phosphatase, invertase, and urease.

Results and discussion

Both soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased over time at all three depths, while pH generally decreased. Microbial abundance (bacteria and fungi) and invertase and urease activity significantly increased with the duration of rice cultivation, especially in the surface layer. Fungal abundance and acid phosphatase activity declined with depth, whereas bacterial abundance was highest at the 5–10-cm soil depth. Profiles of the microbial community based on PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA indicated that the composition of fungal communities was strongly influenced by soil depth, whereas soil bacterial community structures were similar throughout the profile.

Conclusions

Soil bioactivity (microbial abundance and soil enzymes) gradually increased with organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation under prolonged rice cultivation. Microbial activity decreased with depth, and soil microbial communities were stratified with soil depth. The fungal community was more sensitive than the bacterial community to cultivation age and soil depth. However, the mechanism of fungal community succession with rice cultivation needs further research.

     

风幕式静电喷杆喷雾喷头雾化与雾滴沉积性能试验

为了解决传统施药方式药液在植株中下冠层沉积量不足、雾滴粒径分布不均匀等问题,对常规喷杆喷雾扇形喷头设计了一种双平板感应式荷电装置,试验测量了该扇形静电喷头产生的雾滴荷质比、空间上的横向和纵向粒径分布并验证了在风幕和静电作用下雾滴的沉积性能。试验结果表明:荷质比随着静电电压的增大先增大后趋于稳定,随喷雾压力的增大而减小;静电作用能够减小雾滴粒径,并且使雾滴粒径横向分布更加均匀;随着喷头远离测量装置,纵向雾滴粒径逐渐增大;风幕作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能,相同条件下,有风幕时雾滴沉积分布的变异系数为0.645,与无风幕时的0.871降低了25.95%;静电作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能,在静电电压0和6 kV作用下,雾滴沉积分布的变异系数减小了50.2%;荷电条件下,随着喷雾压力的增大,雾滴的沉积分布均匀性反而会减小。该研究可为进一步研究新型喷头荷电装置及风幕式喷杆喷雾机的研发提供参考。