Structural and metabolic integrity of sheep external intercostal muscle during extended culture

The objectives of this study were to examine the structural and metabolic integrity of isolated sheep external intercostal muscle bundles following variable lengths of preincubation (0 to 192 h). Samples of intact external intercostal muscle (10 to 15 g), with tendons attached, were prepared from growing wethers and maintained at their resting lengths during preincubation for 0 to 192 h. Protein synthesis (PS), protein degradation (PD), acetate oxidation and ultrastructural integrity of muscle samples were examined at 0 to 192 h, 0 to 96 h, 0 to 48 h and 0 to 96 h following isolation, respectively. Additionally, the effects of variable fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations (0 to 20%; w/v) on PS and PD and acetate oxidation were examined. Rate of PS increased as preincubation time increased to 192 h; however, most of this increase was due to the proliferation of fibroblasts on the surface of the muscle sample. Addition of cytosine arabinoside to the incubation media prevented the fibroblast-dependent increase in PS; however, it did not entirely prevent the preincubation time-dependent increase in PS. Rate of PD increased greatly upon preincubation. The nitrogen balance of incubated muscles was negative at all times examined. Acetate oxidation was maintained through 12 h of preincubation and thereafter declined. Relatively normal myofibrillar structure was maintained through 48 h of preincubation; however, loss of mitochondrial integrity and dissolution of Z-disks at 48 h and at 96 h of preincubation were evident. Isolated tissues were able to respond to FCS concentration in medium following 48 h of preincubation.     

净能体系在猪日粮配制中的研究现状

20世纪初,美国首先将净能体系应用于奶牛的日粮配制当中,但该体系一度被认为并不适用于单胃动物,特别是猪的日粮配制。因为对猪而言,消化能体系更为方便和适用。但时下,通过添加合成氨基酸的低蛋白日粮的成功研究和利用,使消化能体系变得过时。在欧洲,净能体系已经被用于猪日粮     

畜禽业新型饲料源--桑叶的营养价值及加工调制

桑叶作为畜禽业新型饲料源,据测定,粗蛋白质含量高达20%～30%,也就是说1kg干桑叶与0.7kg大豆饼相当。同时,桑叶还含有多种维生素和微量元素及许多天然活性物质,具有抗应激、增强机体的耐力和提高畜禽的抗病能力。桑叶作为饲料不仅可以有效缓解日益紧张的常规饲料源,而且为发展“节粮型”畜禽业开辟了一条出路。桑叶的加工调制,不仅回收利用资源;同时也提高了资源的利用价值,还解决了畜禽越冬的饲料问题。     

果园土壤水分数字化的研究

为实现果园土壤水分信息的长期可靠获取,使用超低功耗控制器MSP430F1222和微功耗无线射频收发芯片nRF905构成监测系统的无线传感器节点.同时,引入无线传感器网络的概念来适应果园面积广阔的特殊性和传感器配置灵活的要求.接收终端配备铁电非易失性RAM、液晶屏和按键,方便存储、查阅数据和参数设定.经过人工配土测试和果园现场运行,结果表明监测系统湿度的精度误差小于3%,且结构简单、功耗低、运行可靠,满足果园土壤水分监测的要求.     

基于线性谱聚类的林地图像中枯死树监测

【目的】将基于线性谱聚类超像素的方法应用在森林病虫害防治领域,可智能监测无人机森林虫害图像中的枯死树,为森林有害生物的监测工作提供技术支撑。【方法】分别以湖北省受松材线虫与辽宁省受红脂大小蠹侵害的松林无人机图像为试验数据,首先使用线性谱聚类超像素分割算法将图像划分为多个超像素;然后基于枯死树木的颜色特征,初步提取可能为枯死树的超像素区域;最后基于枯死树木与其他干扰地物具有不同的纹理特征,计算超像素的区域密度和缝隙量,利用支持向量机对初步提取的超像素进行分类,从而检测出图像中的枯死树。【结果】基于线性谱聚类超像素和支持向量机的枯死树监测方法可有效排除与枯死树木颜色相近的其他干扰地物,较准确地提取出枯死树木。使用该方法与基于植被颜色指数的阈值分割方法、基于简单线性迭代聚类超像素和随机森林的方法,对35幅受灾松林无人机图像进行试验,并选用交并比、虚警率和漏检率3个评价指标对3种方法进行定量对比分析。结果表明,基于线性谱聚类超像素的方法监测出的枯死树区域最精确,其监测结果与人工检测结果的交并比均值大于58%,且虚警率和漏检率均优于另外2种方法。【结论】基于线性谱聚类超像素的枯死树监测方法能实现松林中枯死树的快速、准确检测及定位。     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

瘤胃缓释氮对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验旨在研究瘤胃缓释氮对奶牛泌乳性能的影响。选用胎次不同、产犊日期相近、泌乳中期的中国荷斯坦奶牛62头,随机分为两组(试验组和对照组),每组31头。试验前15d为预饲期。在预饲期内,试验组添加0.5%瘤胃缓释氮替代3%豆粕;到第16d添加1%瘤胃缓释氮替代6%豆粕;第38d添加1%瘤胃缓释氮替代6%的菜粕。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组添加瘤胃缓释氮可提高奶牛对干物质的采食量,平均产奶量提高1.20kg,平均饲养成本降低0.33元/d,经济效益增加。     

40％乐桑乳油在桑园药效和残留测定初步测验

为了解决我国南方桑园长期以来只使用少数几种农药而产生的抗药性,以解决桑树保护中农药的更新换代问题,本试验对我校桑园进行了华东地区新农药40%乐桑乳油的药效和残留测定试验,以探讨该新农药在南方桑园使用的可行性。     

2006年第四季度饲料和原料中霉菌毒素调查报告

为了更好地指导养殖户和饲料生产企业进行生产，预防霉菌毒素，百奥明公司从全国各地收集各种饲料和原料样本，进行霉菌毒素检测，并形成季度报告。为行业内同仁提供参考。[第一段]