Coupling changes of soil functional gene abundances and extracellular enzyme activities across the diagnostic horizons of agricultural Isohumosols

Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes. Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile, the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances (FGAs) and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in soil profiles is still limited, which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes. Herein, we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A, B, and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols (Mollisols), Ustic and Udic Isohumosols, in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques, respectively. The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon. Additionally, the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles, and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon. Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles. However, when normalized by soil organic carbon, the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons, suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity. More importantly, we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols. Overall, our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs, EEAs, and microbial nutrient limitations, which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.     

Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.     

基于InVEST模型的祁连山地区土壤保持功能时空演变及驱动因素分析

[目的] 探讨祁连山地区土壤保持服务时空变化特征及空间异质性影响因素,为该区生态保护与可持续发展提供科学参考。 [方法] 基于2005—2020年4期土地利用数据,结合地形、土壤和气象数据,运用InVEST模型及地理探测器方法,模拟土壤保持服务、探究土壤保持量时空变化特征及其价值,对其空间异质性进行归因分析。[结果] ①祁连山地区2005—2020年土壤保持量变化区间为5.02×10⁹～7.89×10⁹ t,呈下降趋势;土壤保持量在空间分布上表现为东南高西北低,高值区均集中在研究区青海湖东侧和祁连山脉区域。 ②不同土地利用类型中,草地土壤保持总量最大,林地土壤保持强度最大;土壤保持强度随海拔增加呈先增后减的单峰曲线,随坡度增加呈线性增大。 ③研究区年均土壤保持服务价值为3.912×10¹³元,以保持土壤肥力的价值E₁为主。 ④地理探测结果显示：坡度和土壤类型对土壤保持空间异质性的解释力最高,整体上以植被覆盖度和土壤类型交互作用解释力最高。 [结论] 坡度和土壤类型共同作用于植被覆盖度。植被覆盖度为影响土壤保持服务空间异质性的主导因子,应将部分耕地转为草地或林地,加大生态保护力度,提高植被覆盖度,减少水土流失,增加土壤保持能力,从而改善生态环境。     

羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的制备与鉴定

为研究羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的菌种特性,制备了新的菌种批并对其形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性等进行鉴定,对其适宜培养基进行了筛选.试验结果表明,该冻干菌种的形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性均符合《中华人民...     

中国绿洲区划探讨

绿洲的形成与地貌、气候、水分、土壤等自然条件有关,特别是热量条件与人类活动直接影响着绿洲生产力的大小.在对绿洲范畴进行界定的基础上,以气候地带的差异性、地貌单元和内陆河流域的完整性为区划原则,以水热条件、地貌单元、河流属性等为指标,进行绿洲区划;将中国绿洲划分为3大区及14个二级区;阐明了在二级区采用"区、类结合" 的划分方法,以地貌形态成因类型为指标进行绿洲类型的划分,可不再进行三级以下的区划.     

基于RS和GIS的区域土地利用动态变化及演变趋势分析

以山丹县1985年和2000年TM系列遥感数据为主要数据源,采用国家农委的土地利用现状分类系统,通过GIS空间分析技术,从土地利用类型的面积变化、空间变化和质量变化等方面定量分析了研究区域15年间土地利用的时空变化情况。在此基础上,利用Mark-ov模型,对该区域未来30年内的土地利用动态变化及演变趋势进行了分析。结果表明:15年间研究该区域的土地利用的基本特征表现为:耕地、水域和未利用土地总量增加,其中水域和未利用土地增幅较大;林地、草地、和城乡居住建设用地总量减少,其中草地和林地下降最快,草地植被利用过渡或退化较为严重,水资源利用态势更加严峻,耕地的稳定性较强,其它类型土地的稳定性较差。未来30年内该区域的土地利用变化基本趋势是:耕地、水域面积、未利用土地将持续增加,城乡居住建设用地增长缓慢,林地、草地将持续减少。增加的耕地和未利用土地将主要来源于草地和林地植被的人为减少或自然退化,生态环境将趋于恶化。     

锡林郭勒盟北五旗近5年沙漠化过程及成因分析

本文在收集前人研究成果和野外调查的基础上,运用RS和GIS技术,以2000和2005年具有相同时相(秋季)的两期TM影像为信息源,对锡林郭勒盟北部五个旗、市地区的沙漠化土地进行了动态监测和分析。研究结果表明:近5a来研究区土地沙漠化总体呈上升扩展的趋势,5a来沙漠化土地面积增加了1366.057km2,其中轻度、中度、重度沙漠化土地面积分别增加:239.806 km2、1025.393 km2、850.396 km2,与此相反严重沙漠化土地面积减少了749.539 km2;地表疏松的沙物质,为土地沙漠化发展提供了丰富的物质基础,不合理的人类活动加速了沙漠化的发展。     

陕北一黄土区生态户的生态建设是实现黄土高原生态恢复的重要步骤——党家山生态农户考察的启发

生态户是构成生态环境的最小单元,它既是一切生态建设措施的落脚点,也是促使陕北农民走出贫困、实现小康的奠基石.解决黄土高原的问题最为根本的是保护和合理利用水资源,通过生态户的建设,整合有关水土保持措施,使其长期稳定地发挥生态效益,最终促进陕北多沙粗沙区生态环境的根本性好转.必须实施重点突破战略,采取典型引路的方式,层层落实、步步为营,一点一点地治理,积少成多,绝不反复,最后实现全面好转.     

以水分适宜指数作为作物适水种植指标的初探

通过对抗旱指数(DRI)的分析和改进,首次提出了水分适宜指数(WAI),并以此为指标,在不同的水分条件下对18个不同的玉米品种进行抗旱性研究。结果表明:WAI可以更好的反映不同水分条件下的产量变化,并且倾向于选择高产型品种。可以作为作物适水种植的筛选方法。     

果蔗间种花生栽培技术

果蔗间种花生可提高土地利用效率,提高果蔗种植整体经济效益,实现经济效益、社会效益、生态效益同步协调发展,促进广西果蔗产业可持续发展。为此,对果蔗间种花生的田地选择、整地、品种选择、播种与种植、田间管理、收获与留种、残膜回收的程序及其操作要求进行探讨,并提出规范和说明。