利用试剂盒检测对虾白斑综合症病毒

对虾白斑综合症病毒(wssv),又称对虾杆状病毒或皮下造血组织坏死杆状病毒,是迄今为止危害对虾养殖最为严重的一种病害.发病期一般在幼体期到生长期,死亡率可达100%,该病毒的流行给我国对虾养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为对虾养殖业可持续发展的主要障碍之一.     

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus,Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.     

Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.     

肉牛同期发情效果影响因素的研究

[目的]为了研究同期发情处理方法、繁殖状况、品种、体重等对肉牛同期发情效果的影响,[方法]选择140头不同繁殖状况、品种、体重的肉牛,随机分为3组,分别采用CIDR+第10天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅰ组）、CIDR+第9天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅱ组）、肌注PGF_2α+PMSG(PGF_2α组)的方法进行同期发情处理。[结果]3种不同处理方法相比,PGF_2α组发情率为87.10%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组母牛发情率分别为97.83%、98.41%,显著高于PGF_2α组（P<0.05）;PGF_2α组处理牛受胎率为83.87%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组处理牛受胎率分别为89.13%、84.13%,高于PGF_2α组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;育成牛与经产牛发情时间相比,埋栓组12～24 h内出现发情症状的经产牛占比为27.27%,育成牛占比为60%,显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）,2...     

4种狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的评价

为评价国产狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的性能,选择4种国产品牌ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测463份已用荧光抗体病毒中和试验（FAVN）测知狂犬病病毒抗体效价的犬血清,用Kappa检验和配对卡方检验评价ELISA试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的一致性和差异性,计算ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、符合率和重复性等,并比较4种试剂盒的使用范围、样品稀释倍数等参数。结果显示：经Kappa检验,4种试剂盒与FAVN一致性均为弱;经配对卡方检验,A、B试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的差异不显著（P> 0.05）,而C、D试剂盒差异显著（P <0.05）。诊断敏感性,D试剂盒最高,B试剂盒最低;4种试剂盒诊断特异性均较低,为29.5%～57.7%;各试剂盒符合率相当,为71.3%～72.8%。综合敏感性、特异性、重复性等考量因素,得出C试剂盒更能满足免疫后抗体检测需求,A试剂盒也较好,两者可作为候选试剂盒。结果表明,4种国产狂犬病病毒ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、批间稳定性等性能需进一步提高,以满足基层免疫抗体监测需求。     

铵类化合物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫存活的影响

在实验室内寄主体外测定了铵类化合物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫（Meloidogyne incognita J2）存活的影响。结果表明：供试的8种化合物在不同浓度下对南方根结线虫J2有不同程度的致死作用,并且随着浓度的升高致死效果均显著增加。其中NH4HCO3对J2作用最为敏感,浓度为0.025 mol/L（25 ℃,pH 7.95）时校正死亡率达53.5%,浓度达到0.05 mol/L（25 ℃,pH 8.20）时校正死亡率可达100%,而其他化合物只有在高浓度时致死效果才显现出来。致死浓度由低到高的顺序为：NH4HCO3＜(NH4)2SO4＜NH4CNS＜NH4NO3 ＜NH4H2PO4＜NH4Cl＜(NH4)3PO4&#8226;3H2O＜(NH4)2HPO4。同时测定了南方根结线虫J2的酸度适应范围是pH4.1~11.0。     

荔枝冷害过程中果皮色泽、花色素苷和类黄酮含量的变化

 研究了‘糯米糍’荔枝果实在3 ℃和0 ℃条件下果皮的色泽和花色素苷及类黄酮含量的变化。结果表明, 果实在0 ℃下14 d 时褐变指数迅速增大, 21 d 时已遭受不可逆的冷害。在冷藏过程中, 果皮的色泽指标a、L、C 值及花色素苷、类黄酮、总酚含量均随贮藏时间的延长而下降, 0 ℃下比3 ℃下降快。0 ℃下14～21 d , a、L、C 值分别下降了27.95 %、33.58 %和58.47 % , 而21 d 时果皮花色素苷、类黄酮和总酚含量依次为采收时的18.08 %、35.99 %和41.64 %。说明冷害加速了荔枝果皮花色素苷的降解及类黄酮和总酚的变化, 促进了褐变进程的发生。果皮a、L、C 值与褐变指数、花色素苷含量呈显著相关性( P < 0.05) ,采用自动测色色度计可真实地反映果皮花色素苷含量和褐变程度。     

人工诱变四倍体玫瑰香葡萄的遗传稳定性研究

对人工诱变的两个同源四倍体玫瑰香葡萄单株－－四玫Ⅰ和四玫Ⅱ进行细胞组织学和遗传稳定性研究,结果表明：（１）经过连续３代的扦插,其组织发生层倍性结构没有变,四玫Ⅰ仍然是４－４－４型,四玫Ⅱ仍然是２－４－４型;（２）四玫Ⅰ和四玫Ⅱ的实生苗均为４－４－４型。     

江苏省扬泰地区犬细小病毒分子流行病学调查

犬细小病毒（CPV）自1978年被首次分离到以来,已由CPV-2演化出CPV-2a、CPV-2b和CPV-2c 3种新抗原型。为了解江苏省扬泰地区的CPV分子特征和基因型,2015年5月至2016年12月在扬州和泰州地区宠物医院,根据患病犬临床症状以及CPV快速检测试纸条初步诊断结果,收集可疑病例的肛门棉拭子或粪便作为检测样品,扩增样本中CPV的VP2基因片段并对扩增产物进行测序和分析。结果显示：在48份样品中,4份被鉴定为CPV-2型,24份被鉴定为CPV-2a型,20份被鉴定为CPV-2b型,并未发现CPV-2c型。结果表明,该期间CPV-2a 型与CPV-2b型成为扬泰州地区的优势基因型,需开展这些新基因型的深入研究和防控。     

应用电镜技术对狂犬病毒ERA株污染鼠痘病毒的检出

狂犬病毒ERA株BHK21细胞上增殖并用电镜技术跟踪观察。结果发现除了有少量的目的毒外，还混有大量的痘病毒，经鼠痘酶标抗体检测试剂盒检测为鼠痘病毒。该病毒很可能是来自做复壮狂犬病毒ERA株毒力试验的小白鼠。