蜂花粉酒产品的开发

酒是以谷物或含糖分的水果等为原料酿制而成的含乙醇的饮料。因其独特而传统的色香味和深厚的文化底蕴，酒类产品在人类几千年的文明中占据着非常重要的地位，在现代人的饮食消费中仍占相当大的份额。     

Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method

The efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine was investigated in microsphere dosage form. A co-spray drying process was used to apply an encapsulating material, Eudragit L30 D-55, to microspheres containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. The microspheres were generally effective (>93%) with protein release at pH 7.4, but almost none were released at pH 1.2, for 3 hr in an in vitro dissolution test. An SPF-swine model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the microspheres as an oral vaccine, and the related immune responses. The serum's systemic IgG against M. hyopneumoniae was evoked by ELISA analysis, after a 2nd immunization of all pigs. The vaccinated groups' mean lesion score was significantly lower after the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge than that of the nonvaccinated/challenged groups (P<0.05). This study strongly suggests that the oral microspheres vaccine prepared by a co-spray drying method can provide effective protection against M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.     

区域尺度下气候因子的插值优化及其与草地NPP的相关性

利用甘肃省及周边42个气象站点的气象数据和154个草地样地地上生物量（风干质量）实测数据,在AMMRR插值方法的基础上,加入坡度、坡向两个变量,对甘肃省1996－2005年的年均温和年降水量、不同季节温度和降水量进行空间模拟,并分析了甘肃省年均温和年降水量的空间分布格局,以及草地净初级生产力(NPP)对年均温、年降水量和不同季节温度、降水量的响应。结果表明,1）相对其他插值方法,引入了坡度、坡向等微观地理因子的AMMRR插值方法,可充分体现甘肃省的年均温、年降水量受地形影响的微观变化,更符合实际情况。2）除冬季外,草地NPP与不同时期的温度之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）,与不同时期的降水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,而且与降水量的相关性明显高于温度。     

鲤血清转铁蛋白纯化及其与铁离子的结合特性

用硫酸铵分级沉淀法及制备性ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）法,获得含有鲤（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）的ＰＡＧ条带,同时除去ＳＤＳ及考马斯亮蓝,分离纯化了转铁蛋白,并做铁离子结合试验及光谱分析。结果表明,转铁蛋白结合铁离子后的特异吸收峰为４６７ｎｍ,说明,去ＳＤＳ后转铁蛋白仍有很强的铁离子结合能力,用普通ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法测得鲤血清Ｔｆ分子量约为７４０００Ｄａｌ     

基于生态足迹模型的陕北生态承载力定量分析研究

利用生态足迹理论,对陕北地区2001年至2006年的人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力进行实证计算和分析,揭示陕北地区可持续发展制约因子.研究结果表明:陕北能源化工基地的可持续发展应以提高该地区的生态承载力为基础,以减小生态足迹为目标.     

蛋氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼肌肉氨基酸组成及血清抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨蛋氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼生长过程中肌肉氨基酸组成及血清抗氧化能力的影响,通过在半精制基础饲料中添加DL-蛋氨酸,配制成蛋氨酸水平分别为0.26%、0.55%、0.85%、1.14%、1.44%和1.73%的6种等氮等能(32.09%粗蛋白质,17.82 kJ/g总能)的实验饲料。以初始体质量(66.76±2.29)g的吉富罗非鱼为实验对象,每种实验饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养实验鱼25尾,养殖系统为室内养殖系统,每天表观饱食投喂3次,养殖时间为60 d。结果显示,随着饲料蛋氨酸水平的升高,罗非鱼肌肉中各种氨基酸的含量、必需氨基酸总量(∑EAA)、氨基酸总量(∑TAA)、鲜味氨基酸总量(∑DAA)均呈先升后降的变化趋势,且均在1.14%水平组达到最大。但各实验组中必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值(∑EAA/∑TAA)、鲜味氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值(∑DAA/∑TAA)及支链氨基酸与芳香氨基酸的比值(∑BCAA/∑AAA)均无明显差异(P0.05);随着饲料蛋氨酸水平的升高,罗非鱼血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性随饲料蛋氨酸水平的升高均呈先升后降的变化趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)则呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势。研究表明,适宜的蛋氨酸水平能有效地改善罗非鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成,改善肌肉的品质,增强其抗氧化能力。     

基于Google Earth Engine平台的大湄公河次区域2001—2019年植被NPP时空变化分析

为探明大湄公河次区域植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化特征,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台,利用MOD17A3HGF NPP时序数据,采用线性趋势分析方法,分析了2001—2019年大湄公河次区域植被NPP的时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)2001—2019年间大湄公河次区域植被NPP总体较高,植被NPP年均值整体上变化趋势不显著,变化波动较大,且与年均温度有显著的负相关性;(2)大湄公河次区域植被NPP年均值具有较明显的空间分异性规律,大体呈中部高,南、西南部略低的状态,与其主要河流流域有着重要的联系;(3)植被NPP变化趋势呈现基本不变、轻微改善的特征,改善区域主要位于中国云南省与广西,轻微退化区域主要位于老挝中部和缅甸北部;(4)GEE云平台解决了本地平台数据下载与存储不便等问题,整个大湄公河次区域植被NPP时空变化的数据处理在10 min内完成,GEE云平台在大范围、长时间尺度的研究中体现出了强大的优势。     

江西红壤地区农田生态系统大气氮沉降通量的研究

2004年12月至2005年11月在江西鹰潭中国科学院红壤生态实验站进行了为期1a的大气氮沉降的外场观测试验。本文对观测得到的数据资料进行分析,定量给出了农田生态系统大气氮化物浓度和氮沉降通量。结果表明,鹰潭地区农田下垫面大气中NH3、NOx和ON(有机氮)的平均浓度分别为24.6、3.54、7.2μgm-3。气溶胶中铵盐、硝酸盐、ON的平均浓度分别为4.16、4.64、0.92μgm-3。降水中NH4+离子、NO3-离子、ON的平均浓度分别为0.89、0.73、0.26mgL-1。全年大气氮沉降总量为N6.26gm-2,其中干沉降为N3.19gm-2,占总沉降量的51%;湿沉降为N3.07gm-2,占总沉降量的49%。无机氮沉降为N5.47gm-2,占总沉降量的87.4%;有机氮沉降为N0.79gm-2,占总沉降量的12.6%。与草地、森林、湖泊等其他下垫面相比,江西红壤地区农田下垫面大气氮沉降量相对较大,对农田生态系统氮素平衡将产生重要影响。     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

不同乳酸菌组合对苜蓿青贮细菌群落结构的影响

为探讨不同乳酸菌互作对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青贮细菌群落结构的影响,以2种植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、戊糖片球菌及凝结芽孢杆菌形成的6种乳酸菌组合按1.5 mL·kg-1的添加量制作苜蓿青贮,以等量蒸馏水替代添加剂作为对照,45 d后运用高通量测序分析细菌群落结构.结果表明,各苜蓿青贮的优势乳酸菌群均为厚壁...