不同品种甜瓜果实成熟过程中香气物质动态分析

研究不同甜瓜品种果实成熟过程中香气物质成分。采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)提取不同品种甜瓜果实成熟过程中的香气成分,用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行测定分析。4个甜瓜品种在花后25 d(未成熟时期)的芳香物质以醛类和醇类物质为主。花后30 d的果实是一个醛类和醇类物质向酯类物质转化的时期。花后35d是甜瓜果实的成熟期,香气成分以酯类物质为主,仅有少量的醛类和醇类物质。4个甜瓜品种在果实成熟期共有的芳香物质有6种,均为酯类物质,分别是乙酸己酯、乙酸苯甲酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸-2-甲基丁酯、2,3-丁二醇双乙酸酯和十四酸异丙酯;它们特有的香气物质以及特征性酯类种类和含量均不同,这些差异是不同甜瓜品种的香气类型不同的原因,从而构成了各品种甜瓜特有的典型性香气。     

水分胁迫与小麦产量性状及籽粒容重的关联度研究

本研究利用相关性分析及灰色关联度分析法,对10个小麦新品种的产量、容重等7个主要性状进行了分析,结果表明：相关性分析结果显示小麦产量性状及容重受水分的影响不同的性状表现不同幅度的减小,灰色关联度结果表明水旱地条件下各性状对单株产量及容重的关联度大小并不一致,各性状对单株产量及容重的关联度大小不同。在沧州地区选择小麦品种时品种的分蘖力和成穗率是首要考虑的条件,穗粒数也要兼顾考虑,小麦籽粒产量及小麦籽粒容重是比较复杂的综合性状,由许多因素相互结合、互相作用。因此,应用灰色关联度分析方法评价性状间的影响程度是客观可行的,可用于今后的育种实践中。     

Identification of Ligands for Chicken Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel and Chemosensory Perception of Herbal Compounds in Chickens

The pungency induced by spices and herbs plays an important role in food choice and appetite, and it is suggested that adding spices and herbs to feed as natural alternatives to antibiotics has beneficial effects in poultry farming. However, our knowledge of the chemosensory perception of herbal compounds in chickens is limited. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is involved in the sensory perception of various herbal compounds. Here, we performed calcium imaging and electrophysiological analyses using cells transiently expressing chicken TRPA1 (cTRPA1) and identified two novel cTRPA1 ligands—eugenol and thymol. In a behavioral assay, chickens responded to cTRPA1 ligands, including eugenol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and allyl isothiocyanate. These results provide evidence that chickens have a functional TRPA1 channel and chemosensory perception of various herbal compounds.     

我国果园割草机发展现状与展望

我国是世界水果生产大国,随着近年来果园生草覆盖技术的推广,果园割草机快速发展迫在眉睫。分析和阐述了我国果园割草机切割装置、行走系统、仿形装置等关键部件,以及导航、避障和自动识别等关键技术的相关发展,同时介绍和分析了国内外割草机的发展现状,结合牵引式、自走式等割草机类别,归纳了部分国内外具有代表性的割草机机型、特点及存在的问题。结合矮砧密植与乔砧适植两种果园种植模式,总结了我国割草机发展过程中农机农艺结合较差、研发制造水平较低、机具作业速度与割刀工作速度匹配不当、高新技术应用欠缺等问题,提出了在割草机应用中应注重与农艺相结合,提升设计研发与生产制造水平,注重解决割草机作业速度与割刀工作速度的匹配,加强高新技术应用,尽早实现割草机自动化、智能化、信息化应用,推进果园机械化除草进程。     

葡萄枝条中淀粉粒形态结构与抗寒力的关系

扫描电镜观察结果表明,越冬期间葡萄枝条组织细胞中淀粉粒的大小、积累数量和转化动态规律与抗寒力密切相关,主要表现为抗寒种类或品种的淀粉粒小,积累早而数量多,水解晚但速度快而较彻底;同一品种采用嫁接栽培可明显增加枝条中淀粉的积累数量,有利于枝芽成熟和越冬。     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits

AIM:To investigate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits. METHODS:Test substances were administered intravenously into a marginal ear vein. Temperature responses were measured using rectal thermistor probes. RESULTS:Endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) stimulated a biphasic rise in colonic temperature. Pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide significantly attenuated the biphasic febrile response to endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) of conscious rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. Rabbits treated with dimethyl sulfoxide 10 min after injection of endotoxin developed fever, which was significantly milder compared with rabbits treated with an equal volume of normal saline. No significant differences were found between thermal response index of rabbits injected with dimethyl sulfoxide and those with normal saline. CONCLUSION:Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibit endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits.     

Progress in roles of MNX1 antisense RNA 1 in malignant tumor

MNX1 antisense RNA 1 （MNX1-AS1） is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA （lncRNA）, which is highly dysregulated in various carcinomas and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival and prognosis of patients. MNX1-AS1 regulates the occurrence and development of carcinomas by endogenous competitive adsorption of miRNA, regulating cell cycle, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation and activating multiple signaling pathways. The in-depth study of the carcinogenesis of MNX1-AS1 is useful for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognostic assessment of relevant carcinomas. This article reviews the roles of MNX1-AS1 in malignant tumor.     

松口蘑的半人工及人工驯化栽培

论述了松口磨的适应性和驯化潜能, 介绍了松口蘑半人工栽培的基本方法并进行评估, 分析了应用纯培养菌种人工栽培松口蘑的难点和关键问题, 提出了松口蘑人工驯化栽培的技术路线。     

根际效应下镉在土壤中的吸附与解吸

根际微区是联系植物与土壤之间的纽带,控制着重金属等污染物从土壤向植物的迁移.以黑土为研究对象,采用根际箱装置培养根际土壤,研究了不同强度玉米根际效应下,土壤对Cd的吸附与解吸.结果表明,相比于非根际土壤,根际土壤中的可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量显著增加,不同处理下根际土壤DOC含量与根系的干物质重量二者呈显著正相关（P＜0.001）;根际土壤pH显著提高.根际土壤对Cd的吸附量显著高于非根际土壤,且在较高的Cd浓度下这种差异表现的更明显,不同pH下土壤吸附试验表明,根际pH的升高是造成这种现象的主要原因.可以用Freundrich方程来描述Cd离子在根际效应下黑土中的吸附特征.根际土壤的解吸量显著低于非根际土壤,相关分析表明,平均的解吸百分数与根际土壤DOC含量呈显著负相关（P=0.011）,说明根系分泌的可溶性有机物质与Cd离子的络和作用,是导致根际土壤中Cd较难解吸的重要原因.