DNA Methylation Pattern in Pronuclear-Stage Mouse Embryos: Effect of Oocyte Vitrification

This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of DNA methylation in pronuclearstage mouse embryos derived from vitrified-warmed oocytes.Mouse oocytes at metaphase Ⅱ (MⅡ) stage of meiosis were all...     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

饲用复合酶制剂酶学特性研究

饲用复合酶制剂的主要酶种包括纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶。利用高产菌株S6-5、Y7-6和B5-12混合发酵生产复合酶制剂,发现纤维素酶催化反应最适宜的酸碱度在pH=5.0,反应体系温度为60℃时,纤维素酶活力达到14293U/g;蛋白酶酶活在pH=6.0时酶催化能力最强;而脂肪酶和淀粉酶在50℃时催化能力最强,在60℃催化能力下降,但不明显。     

柞蚕饲料转化效率的遗传模型与基因效应值的估算

利用2对柞蚕杂交组合8821×四青、8822×青6号的6个世代材料,对柞蚕茧重转化率和茧层生产率两个数量性状进行了遗传分析,结果表明:茧重转化率的基因作用复杂,不符合加-显性遗传模型,存在着基因互作,且显性互作大于显性效应,使茧重转化率增加;茧层生产率的基因作用符合简单的加-显性遗传模型,显性效应为正值,使茧层生产率增加。     

微波水解制备复合氨基酸的研究

以鸡羽毛为原料,采用正交试验研究了微波水解法制备复合氨基酸的工艺条件。结果表明,影响羽毛微波水解的主要因素为固液比和硫酸浓度,而水解时间与微波功率变化影响较小。试验确定的微波水解制备复合氨基酸的优化条件为:固液比1:5、水解时间3h、硫酸浓度3mol/l、微波功率500W。微波水解法与传统水解法相比,具有水解时间短的优势。     

山羊多头蚴及其异位寄生病例的诊治

多头蚴病俗称脑包虫病,是带科多头属多头绦虫的幼虫寄生于牛、羊脑或脊髓内发生的疾病。多头蚴的成虫寄生于狗、狼等肉食动物的小肠内,孕卵节片随粪便排出体外,从孕卵节片内释放出大量虫卵,污染饲草、饲料或饮水,牛、羊等中间宿主吞食后,六钩蚴钻人肠黏膜的毛细血管,随着血液循环带到脑和脊髓等易寄生部位,以脑部寄生为多。     

马鹿冻精解冻后精子超微结构观察

实验利用透射电镜技术和扫描电镜技术对冷冻/解冻后的塔里木马鹿精子的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明:电镜下观察,塔里木马鹿精子头部呈扁平的卵圆形,长约5.95μm。颈部很短且不明显,长约0.45μm,宽为0.62μm。尾部中段横切面近圆形,直径约为0.58μm,轴丝为9×2+2型;线粒体鞘螺旋段为64～70转。尾部末段仅见质膜包围,9束微管和1对中央微管,形成9+2微管结构。冷冻/解冻后塔里木马鹿部分精子结构发生了变化,一些精子肿胀、质膜皱褶、扭曲,部分质膜损坏或溃散;顶体轻度肿胀,顶体外膜凸凹不平,形成突起。冷冻对头部破坏程度较小。     

流感病毒血凝素受体分子的研究进展

血凝素是流感病毒的重要糖蛋白,它的受体研究是目前国际上的热点。作者针对流感病毒的HA受体分子从分子学基础、种属特异性和致病性方面作一综述。