海上治安形势不容乐观

近来一些渔船民由于法制观念淡薄，在海上一旦发生纠纷，往往不走法律途径，搞“打、砸、抢”，甚至扣人、扣物、撞船，导致事态进一步扩大升级，从单纯的民事纠纷演变成为海上治安或刑事案件，造成重大财产损失和人员伤亡。据浙江省温岭市公安边防部门统计，去年１－１２月仅温岭市就发生了５０余起因海上纠纷引发的扣人、扣物、斗殴、撞船事件。 ２０００年８月２日，“浙岭渔５１４１号”船因修机器抛锚停泊在２１１海区９小区洋面上时，“浙临渔５２２７号”船在附近作业时不慎将网拖在温岭船的锚上致使“浙临渔５２２７号”船上钢管被…     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖及鱼苗培育试验

以鲜鱼虾肉、自制配合料为饵料，在室内和室外水泥池内进行黄颡鱼亲鱼培育；采用DOM、PG、LHRH－A2、HCG不同剂量组合进行人工催产；采用静水和微流水两种方法进行孵化。在孵化网箱内进行鱼苗培育。结果表明：黄颡鱼亲鱼喜食新鲜饵料，也易驯食配合饲料，室内和室外人工条件下均能获得成熟亲鱼；用DOM＋HGG＋LHRH－A2或PG＋HCG＋LHRH－A2的混合剂人工催产，微流水孵化效果较好，催产率为50％－1005，受精率为60％－90％，孵化率达70％－90％；小网箱培育鱼苗，成活率高，规格整齐。     

鱼粉质量对中国对虾、真鲷、饲料转化率和蛋白质消化率的影响

IntroductionInherent to the practice of intensive aquaculture is the generation of wastes having immediate and verybroad effects on the aquatic environment.There is a growing consensus about the need to reduce waste pro-duction in aquaculture to minimize the negative impacts on the environment.Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) wastes are major concerns for many aquaculture operations.In the past,formulation of diets in intensive aquaculture was often aimed at meeting requirements formaximum growt…     

海狸色獭兔生长发育及生长曲线的拟合

本文采用Logistic非线性动物生长模型拟合海狸色獭兔从出生到6月龄的平均体重,进行生长曲线拟合分析,结果表明:①利用Logistic生长曲线方程,确定獭兔生长曲线方程各参数为a=23.08,b=1.39,k=2 718.65,拟合后,建立海狸色獭兔生长曲线方程为y=2718.65/(1+23.08 e-1.39x)(P<0.05);②Logistic方程能够很好地拟合海狸色獭兔生长过程,拟合度达到0.98,并计算出生长拐点时间为2.81月龄,拐点体重为1 359.33g。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近健康的海兰褐蛋鸡216只,随机分成3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、死亡率和料蛋比与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)正试期第56天,试验组常规蛋品质与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)正试期第3天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);14 d后,亚硒酸钠组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);正试期第3、5、7、14、21、28和56天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量比亚硒酸钠组分别显著高出了28.18%、34.98%、45.35%、47.39%、67.53%、63.35%和65.71%(P<0.05)。4)随着试验天数的增加,对照组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋鸡蛋硒含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势(P<0.05),酵母硒组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,33~40周龄,蛋鸡饲粮中不额外添加硒以及添加0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响;相对于亚硒酸钠,酵母硒中硒向鸡蛋中的转移速度更快,效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且饲粮添加酵母硒时蛋硒含量随着饲喂天数的增加而增加。     

温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝无水保活的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝Argopecten irradias无水保活的存活率和失重率的影响,进而研究其无水保活关键技术。对体质量为29~33 g的海湾扇贝采用普通、保湿、充氧和充氧保湿4种处理方式,并分别置于-2、0、4、10、15~18、20~25℃下进行无水保活试验。结果表明：海湾扇贝生态冰温区为-2.8~0℃;随着温度的升高,海湾扇贝的存活率逐渐降低;海湾扇贝在-2、0℃条件下保活效果最好,其次是4℃;保湿组比未保湿组、充氧组比未充氧组的存活率均有显著提高( P<0.05);低温条件下,保湿充氧处理的海湾扇贝存活率显著高于保湿组和充氧组(P<0.05),保活效果最好,保活10 d后其存活率依然达95%以上;低温无水条件下,采用保湿充氧处理的海湾扇贝失重率较小。研究表明,温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝无水保活有较大影响,在-2~4℃的低温条件下采用保湿充氧处理方式对海湾扇贝进行无水保活,效果最佳。     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况

本文通报了2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况。在2012年,湖南省、湖北省、江西省、四川省、安徽省、云南省、江苏省等7省共有存栏牛1 033 056头,存栏羊2 024 512只,其他家畜存栏数891 301头（匹、只）。2012年共检查了684 899头牛,其中牛血吸虫病阳性3961头,阳性率0.58%,比2011年的阳性数下降了42.57%;检查了71 473只羊,其中羊血吸虫病阳性406只,阳性率0.57%,比2011年的阳性数下降了4.19%,并对142 976头其他家畜进行了检查,其中血吸虫病阳性为21头,阳性率0.01%。湖南省和江西省的病牛数占到了全国病牛数的80.06%。2012年,全国家畜血吸虫病疫情较之2011年继续下降,但是洞庭湖和鄱阳湖地区依然是今后家畜血吸虫病疫情控制的难点和重点。     

Influence of dietary feathers on the fecal microbiota in captive Arctic fox: Do dietary hair or feathers play a role in the evolution of carnivorous mammals?

Hair and feathers are composed of keratin and are indigestible, inalimental and unpalatable for carnivores. However, carnivores often ingest hair and feathers during feeding or when grooming. We hypothesized that ingestion of hair and feathers changes species diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the gut of carnivores. To test this hypothesis, we added disinfected poultry down feathers to the normal diet of captive Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). We then used fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) to examine changes in fecal bacterial diversity and abundance. The results showed that the number of bacterial species increased significantly after feather ingestion, but that total abundance was unchanged. This demonstrated that addition of disinfected feathers to the diet stimulated increased production among less abundant bacteria, resulting in a balancing of relative abundance of different bacterial species, or that some newly‐ingested microbial species would colonize the gut because a suitable microhabitat had become available. This implies that the overall production of bacterial metabolites would be made up of a greater range of substances after feather ingestion. On one hand, the host's immune response would be more diverse, increasing the capacity of the immune system to regulate gut microflora. On the other hand, the animal's physiological performance would also be affected. For wild animals, such altered physiological traits would be subjected to natural selection, and, hence, persistent geographic differences in the character of ingested feathers or fur would drive speciation.