Comparative Studies on the Stability of Various Forms of vitamin C

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＶＡＲＩＯＵＳＦＯＲＭＳＯＦＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＣＬｅｉＱｉｎｇｘｉｎ，ＬｉＡｉｊｉｅ，ＸｕＷｅｉ，ＲｅｎＺｅｌｉｎ（ＯｃｅａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆ　Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，２６６００３）ＣＯ...     

二倍体和三倍体虹鳟精液低温保存寿命的研究

与二倍体(2n组)精原液做比较,以不同密度为组别,研究了4℃下两组(3n-HD和3n-LD)三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精原液的保存时限。结果发现,随着保存时间的延长,精液中精子的活力和寿命逐渐降低。2n组、3n-HD组和3n-LD组虹鳟精原液中精子分别在保存5d、4.5d和12.5d后失去活力;在7d、15d和14.5 d后死亡,即三倍体虹鳟精原液4℃保存时间约为二倍体的2倍,说明低温短期保存三倍体虹鳟精原液可以取得较好效果。     

斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数相关性研究

通过现场测定养殖日龄为１６～１８ｄ的斑节对虾的体长、体重和全长,并应用石蜡切片技术对被测虾的中肠腺中部进行细胞计数,研究了斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数的相关性。结果表明,对虾体长与中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数呈密切负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４７）,公式为：Ｃ＝３３０．３６２３２３ｅ－０．０８７３８４Ｌ。对虾体长与体重密切相关（ｒ＝０．９４８）,可用对数回归方程描述：ｌｇＷ＝－１．９２３５７８＋３．０８２８３２ｌｇＬ。对虾体长与全长密切相关（ｒ＝０．９９５）,其线性回归方程为：Ｙ＝－０．１８７１３７＋１．３１６７０５Ｘ。通过这些公式,中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数可由体长直接推算出或由体重和全长间接算出,使斑节对虾杆状病毒感染度的计算更加简单和准确。     

日粮硒水平对虹鳟肌肉蛋白质自噬性降解的影响

为了探究日粮硒水平对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肌肉生长和肌肉蛋白质自噬性降解的影响, 以酵母硒为硒源, 配制 3 种硒水平的日粮: 缺硒(DSe, 0 mg/kg)、足量硒(ASe, 4.0 mg/kg)、过量硒(ESe, 16.0 mg/kg), 对虹鳟进行 10 周的养殖实验。结果表明, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟的增重率、肌纤维直径与肌肉蛋白质含量显著低于 ASe 组(P＜0.05)。 此外, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟肌肉中自噬相关基因(Atg4b、Atg12l、LC3B、Atg13、Atg7、Atg5)的表达量显著高于 ASe 组(P＜0.05); 并且其自噬标志物肌肉微管相关蛋白轻链 3-II (LC3-II)的水平相对于 ASe 组显著升高, 而 P62 的含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。同时对自噬的上游调节通路蛋白激酶 B-雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Akt-TOR)通路进行了检测, 发现日粮硒的缺乏和过量均显著抑制了虹鳟肌肉中 Akt 和 TOR 的磷酸化水平, 降低了 Akt-TOR 通路的活性。对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶 α(AMPKα)的磷酸化分析也表明, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟肌肉的 AMPK 活性显著升高。在对虹鳟肌肉氧化状态的分析中也发现 DSe和 ESe组的虹鳟肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量显著增加, 表明其肌肉氧化应激加剧, 这可能是日粮硒影响 Akt-TOR 和 AMPK 通路的一种途径。综上所述, 日粮硒的缺乏和过量通过抑制 Akt-TOR 的活性, 激活 AMPK 通路, 促进了虹鳟肌肉蛋白质的自噬性降解, 本研究结果为进一步研究硒对鱼类肌肉生长的调控机制奠定了基础。     

盐度胁迫对高体革鯻幼鱼消化酶活力的影响

研究了盐度对高体革（Scortum barcoo）幼鱼消化酶活力的影响。在温度25±2℃下,将平均体质量为2.50±0.23 g的高体革幼鱼分别饲养在盐度0,5,8,11,13和16条件下20 d,检测幼鱼胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的差异。结果表明：盐度胁迫对高体革幼鱼胃蛋白酶活力有显著影响（P〈0.05）,对脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力有极显著影响（P〈0.01）。随着盐度的升高,胃蛋白酶活力先升后降,当盐度升高到13时又急剧升高;脂肪酶的活力则是随盐度的升高而受到抑制,当盐度升高到13时也急剧升高,盐度16时最高;而淀粉酶活力变化则是盐度升高时显著降低。这说明环境盐度对高体革消化酶比活力的影响比较大,不同消化酶随盐度变化规律有所差异。     

冈村枝管藻中性游孢子的发育过程

本文在国内首次观察描述了冈村枝管藻生活史中由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子的发育变化和各时期的形态特征。成熟的冈村枝管藻孢子体上存在多室孢子囊,由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子附着后直接萌发为盘状体,1周左右盘状体的周边长出许多同化丝和无色毛丝体,在同化丝逐渐成熟的过程中伴随着毛丝体的脱落或萎缩死亡,盘状体即发育成孢子体。通过人为控制条件,在室内对多室孢子囊枝进行连续数月的培养和观察,发现由中性游孢子发育而来的孢子体长到1~2mm即成熟,在同化丝顶部形成多室孢子囊进入下一轮循环。由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子是人工育苗生产过程中苗种的主要来源。     

Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid profile and enzymatic activity of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The main objective of this investigation was to study the lipid requirements of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) based on growth performance, survival, moulting and fatty acid profile. Four test diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (3.63%, 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91%). Each diet was fed to 4 replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate initial weight (8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 13.91% lipid had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid, but no significant (p > 0.05) improvement of survival was observed when dietary lipid increase from 6.70% to 13.91%. Crabs fed diets with 10.72% and 13.91% lipid had significant higher weight gain(WG) than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid. While crabs fed with diets containing 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91% lipid showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain(WG). Moreover, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among other groups. The content of LC‐PUFA and DHA in the crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid was significant (p < 0.05) lower compared to other groups. But there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in EPA and ARA content among all groups. The activity of lipase increased as dietary lipid level increased (from 6.70% to 10.72%). However, beyond 10.72%, a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in lipase activity was observed. The regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that crab fed diet containing 10.47% lipid level is considered as optimum lipid level for its maximum growth and moulting process.     

东海区经济乌贼类资源量评估

本文根据2000年和2001年在东海进行的底拖网调查资料,利用扫海面积法评估东海区经济乌贼类的资源量,并估算可捕资源量。结果表明,近年以金乌贼和神户乌贼等经济乌贼为主捕对象的年潜在资源量稳定在一定的水平上,与20世纪90年代中期的水平相当;当前的实际捕捞产量已接近最大持续产量,进一步开发利用的潜力不大。     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.