关中地区温室越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病分子鉴定及流行规律

为了明确关中地区越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生和流行规律,通过分析该病发生与番茄品种、定植期及传播介体烟粉虱之间的关系,并采用PCR技术对田间病原进行分子鉴定。结果表明,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在8月中下旬至11月上中旬开始侵染,翌年3月中下旬发生再侵染,秋季病情减轻;烟粉虱种群数量与病害发生程度呈线性正相关;不同番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的抗性差异显著,其中大番茄品种布鲁尼1288和DRW7728,小番茄品种千禧和美红对该病表现为免疫;分子检测结果表明,4个样品中均扩增出543 bp的特异片段,与NCBI数据库Gen Bank的TYLCV序列(登录号为GU084381、KC138544.1、KC138543.1和JX456642.1)的相似性达99%。研究表明,关中地区番茄病毒病为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,番茄品种、定植期及烟粉虱发生动态是影响该病发生的主要因素。     

强化兽药GSP后续监管 保障兽药产品质量安全

随着兽药GSP认证工作的全面结束,兽药GSP的日常监管工作越来越凸显其重要性。本文综合论述了在兽药GSP日常监管过程中发现的诸多问题,以及今后如何做好兽药GSP后续监管工作所采取的措施。     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

澳大利亚动物疫病防控体系简介

澳大利亚动物疫病净化工作有许多值得借鉴之处。本文就澳大利亚畜牧业基本情况、兽医服务体系、动物标识和疫病追溯体系和动物疫病应急管理体系等方面进行了介绍,列举了7个方面的可借鉴之处,包括联邦政府和各州政府动物疫病防控分工明确、各级兽医服务专业化程度高、行业协会在动物疫病控制中地位显著、动物标识体系完善、动物疫病控制规划详尽、疫病净化政策坚持不懈和兽医流行病学技术应用纯熟等,以期对我国动物疫病防控体系建设工作有所启发。     

膨化菜籽对肉鸡生产性能及部分血液生化指标的影响

试验选用160只21日龄的艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复(栏),每栏8只鸡,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平膨化菜籽(2.0%、6.0%、10%和14%)。试验结果表明:(1)整个生长期膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,平均日增重、日采食量均有显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),添加6.0%膨化菜籽组对肉鸡促生长效果最好;(2)膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,对肉鸡血清中白蛋白、尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯等生化指标没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

诱杀球对橘大实蝇诱捕效果的研究

为开发一种新型的橘大实蝇诱捕器,研究了不同颜色、直径的诱杀球和不同颜色的粘虫板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果。结果表明,绿色诱杀球的诱杀数量显著大于黄色和黄绿色诱杀球(P0.05);诱杀球上橘大实蝇的诱集数量,随诱杀球直径的增大而显著增加,但在直径7cm以上时,诱杀球的诱集数量增速变缓,其中以直径7cm的绿色诱杀球生产成本和诱集效果最佳;诱杀球能显著提高黄板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果(P0.05)。     

甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼的毒性效应

选用模式生物斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)作为毒性实验动物,探索甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)对鱼类的毒性效应,为农业生产和环境保护提供参考数据。结果显示甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼成鱼96h LC50为3.38×10-3mg/kg,属于剧毒级,安全浓度为0.34×10-3mg/kg;较低浓度下甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼早期发育影响不显著,在较高浓度1、10mg/kg下,斑马鱼96h畸形率分别达到84%和90%,心包囊肿率分别为25%和88%,而致死效应不明显。亚致死剂量下甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼肝胰脏GPT、GOT、SOD活性有明显诱导效应,在高浓度和长时间暴露下诱导效应降低;肝胰脏中AChE活性显著地受到甲氰菊酯的抑制,抑制效应对毒物的浓度和染毒时间有良好的依赖性,是一种良好的环境污染检测生物学指标。     

早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’配套栽培技术研究

以早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’为试材,采用人工点授和梨幼果期药剂涂抹果柄的方法,研究了不同授粉品种对‘早伏酥’坐果率和果实品质及GA3对果实增大和提早成熟的影响。结果表明:"西子绿"和"翠冠"等5个授粉品种对其花序与花朵坐果率均达到了70%以上,综合对果实品质的影响,确定"中梨1号"和"翠冠"为最佳授粉品种;经赤霉酸处理的果实,与对照相比,单果重增加9.2%,成熟期提前10～15d,果实其它经济指标差异不显著。     

农艺措施和除草剂用量对化感稻产量及杂草生物量的影响

为实现水稻生产减施除草剂的目标,将化感材料与农艺措施相结合取得对稻田杂草有效控制的效果,田间采用再裂区试验法研究了化感稻3号和N两优201两个水稻化感材料和非化感材料五山丝苗在不同水分管理、移栽密度和除草剂不同用量下,对水稻产量和田间杂草生物量的影响。结果表明:无论早季稻田还是晚季稻田,施用常规除草剂量的小区杂草生物量均为0,施用常规剂量50%除草剂且仅在孕穗期晒田的小区和常规密度小区有少量杂草发生。不施除草剂的水稻材料小区杂草生物量依次为化感稻3号N两优201五山丝苗。移栽后75 d,不施除草剂的小区相同水稻材料孕穗期不晒田比晒田处理、高密度比常规密度处理的杂草生物量小。早季稻田不晒田和高密度提高了水稻的产量,晚季稻田则相反。化感材料化感稻3号和N两优201在田间的抑草效果较五山丝苗要好。在水稻生产中,水稻化感材料结合农艺措施,可以实现水稻不减产,田间杂草得到有效控制,除草剂量减50%的目标。