Resistant Starch Escaped from Ethanol Production: Evidence from Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

The origin of resistant starch (RS) in distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) of triticale, wheat, barley, and corn from dry‐grind ethanol production was studied. A considerable portion of starch (up to 18% in DDGS) escaped from either granular starch hydrolysis or conventional jet‐cooking and fermentation processes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that some starch granules were still encapsulated in cells of grain kernel or embedded in protein matrix after milling and were thus physically inaccessible to amylases (type RS1). The crystalline structures of native starch granules were not completely degraded by amylases, retaining the skeletal structures in residual starch during granular starch hydrolysis or leaving residue granules and fragments with layered structures after jet‐cooking followed by the liquefaction and saccharification process, indicating the presence of RS2. Moreover, retrograded starch molecules (mainly amylose) as RS3, complexes of starch with other nonfermentable components as RS4, and starch–lipid complexes as RS5 were also present in DDGS. In general, the RS that escaped from the granular starch hydrolysis process was mainly RS1 and RS2, whereas that from the jet‐cooking process contained all types of RS (RS1 to RS5). Thus, the starch conversion efficiency and ethanol yield could be potentially affected by the presence of various RS in DDGS.     

鲁甸县核桃种质资源表型多样性调查初报

通过调查鲁甸核桃604株成年结果树的物候特征、植物学特性、坚果的经济性状及丰产性得出:鲁甸县核桃种质资源萌芽期为2月上旬至4月上旬,集中期为2月下旬到3月中旬,雌雄花开放期集中在3月中下旬至4月上旬,果实成熟期集中在9月至10月;植物学上,在叶形、枝条颜色、雌花柱头、子房颜色、雄花序长度、青果性状等方面存在多样性;鲁甸核桃每果枝坐果数为1~7,还有串串核桃的存在,丰产性好;在树形方面,表现为自然圆头形、自然开心形、自然分层形、自然圆锥形的多样性,核桃坚果的三径均值、出仁率、仁重、单果重、壳厚的变异系数分别为9.48%、13.46%、24.05%、25.46%、25.74%,多样性较丰富。     

Effect of high temperature heat treatment on pH value of Masson Pine wood

Heat-treated wood has good dimensional stability,corrosion resistance and visual quality,but it is prone to mold,which limits its application.Based on the pH value of heat-treated wood,this study examines the factors affecting the pathogenesis causing heat-treated wood mold.Normally,the pH value of the heat-treated wood is between 4.38 and 5.10,which is suitable for the growth of mold.However,the pH of the heat-treated copper-containing material is between 6.63 and 7.12,which deviates the treated wood from the comfortable growth conditions for the mold,thereby reducing the occurrence of mold.     

黑龙江八一农垦大学大学生信息素质状况调查与分析

笔者对黑龙江八一农垦大学大一、大二、大三、大四各年极大学生信息素质状况进行了问卷调查，就统计结果进行分析，并提出了合理化建议。     

安徽农业投资与农民收入的相关研究

以1985—2003年安徽省农业统计资料为样本,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法,建立安徽省农业投资与安徽省农业经济增长的计量经济模型,并在此基础上提出了增加安徽农业投资,加快安徽农民收入增长的对策。     

大豆性状整齐度与产量的关系

观察测定了同一品种在同一条件下大豆性状的整齐度，同一品种在不同条件下性状的整齐度，不同品种在同一条件下性状的整齐度，统计分析了性状整齐度与实收产量之间的关系，结果表明，要获得大豆高产稳产，应注意植株间荚数和粒数的整齐度。     

湖南野生兰花的调查研究 Ⅱ.野生春兰茎的生物学特性

在对野生兰花形态特征观测的基础上，进一步探讨了不同根茎和假鳞茎的产生和生长发育的特点，根茎与假鳞茎的关系及有关的规律。     

新疆博尔塔拉河干流段水量入,出关系分析

本研究运用线性系统的理论和单、双序列的频谱分析方法，分析了新疆博尔塔拉河干流段温泉站入流量、博乐站出流量的自谱特征和互谱关系。文中提出的几点结论可供流域水资源计算及评价参考