Somatotropin and adipose tissue metabolism: substrate and temporal effects

The purpose of these studies was to determine the time course for changes in feed intake, blood metabolites, and lipogenic activity in adipose tissue in response to the initiation of porcine somatotropin (pST) treatment and following withdrawal from treatment in barrows. An initial study was conducted to determine the impact of chronic pST treatment (4 wk of daily injection; 0 vs 4 mg/d) on adipose tissue lipid metabolism in barrows (initial weight 67 kg). Feed efficiency was improved 27%, backfat thickness was decreased 43%, and glucose and lactate oxidation and incorporation into lipid in adipose tissue was reduced 70 to 86% in pST-treated pigs. Palmitate esterification was decreased 44%, whereas palmitate oxidation was unaffected. In vitro metabolism of lactate, glucose, and palmitate in liver slices was not affected by pST treatment. The time-course for changes in intake and adipose tissue metabolism in response to 7 d of pST (0 vs 4 mg/d) treatment and 7 d of withdrawal was examined in subsequent studies in barrows (initial weight 75 kg). Feed intake during pST treatment was significantly (P < .05) less than in control pigs within 24 h of the initiation of treatment and remained low through 3 d after withdrawal. Adipose tissue biopsies were obtained on d 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 of the treatment phase and on d 2, 4, and 7 after withdrawal from 7 d of treatment. Maximal inhibition of lipogenesis by pST treatment in adipose tissue in vitro was observed on d 4 (-68%) and d 7 (-69%). Similarly, fatty acid synthase activity declined during the treatment period, with the greatest change noted on d 7 (-26%). After withdrawal from treatment, lipogenesis gradually increased, returning to control values 7 d after withdrawal. Levels of IGF-I began to increase from d 1 to d 7 of treatment, continually decreased during withdrawal, and were normalized by the end of the withdrawal period. Plasma urea nitrogen concentrations decreased during treatment, increased during the withdrawal phase, and were normalized 4 d after the last pST treatment. Overall results indicate that most of the metabolic changes in response to pST occur within 1 wk of treatment and return to pretreatment values after 7 d of withdrawal from treatment.     

温室测控系统开关设备优化组合预测控制方法

考虑开关设备组合作用下温室测控系统的非线性动态特性,提出了结构简单、不需复杂数值计算的离散预测模型,在不小于最大时滞时域内设备组合不变情况下,对设备组合进行滚动优化预测控制,从而大大简化了温室测控系统预测控制算法的复杂性,缓解了测控系统分布大时滞问题。仿真分析和温度的均方差表明,对分布式、大时延温室测控系统的优化组合预测控制方法是有效的。     

次生盐渍土垂向剖面斥水性及其与理化性质关系

为探求土壤剖面斥水性的变化规律及其与土壤水盐含量、pH值的关系,在新疆新垦膜下滴灌棉田以10 cm×10 cm和5cm×5cm的网格等间距采集两个土壤剖面样品,对剖面土壤的斥水性、含水率、含盐量和pH值了进行经典统计、地学统计和相关性分析。结果表明：次生盐渍土剖面斥水性呈中等程度变异,空间自相关性中等偏弱;土壤斥水性在40cm深度附近时最强,在大于80cm深度的土层斥水特征不明显;在0~40cm深度土层,含水率与土壤斥水性正相关,在40~80cm深度与斥水性负相关;含盐量除在0~10cm的表层与斥水性正相关外,在其余土层均为负相关; pH值与斥水性之间多为正相关。     

基于邻域粗糙集和高光谱散射图像的苹果粉质化检测

研究了基于邻域粗糙集理论的高光谱散射图像苹果粉质化无损检测方法。以576幅波长范围为600~1000nm的苹果高光谱数据为研究对象,利用邻域粗糙集模型对81个原始波段进行选择,从中选择出最优波长子集;利用支持向量机建立分类模型,随机选择526个样本作为训练集,其余50个样本作为测试集,重复仿真10次验证分类能力。仿真结果表明邻域粗糙集能够得到充分表述粉质化程度的14个最优波长,测试模型的平均精度为75%,高于全波长模型的71%和采用主成分分析法的74%。     

水果采摘机器人通用夹持机构设计

为提高采摘机器人的实用性和利用率,提出了一种通用型夹持机构,并构建了虚拟样机。为使机械夹持不损伤水果,研究了水果受力对夹持构型的影响,以柑橘为例进行变形、应力分析,为机构提出设计依据,进而对结构进行优化,确定了机构外壳及杆件的合理参数和对果实损伤最小的夹持量,单类型水果夹持量为直径方向小于2mm。     

血吸虫疫苗研究现状和发展方向

血吸虫疫苗的研究工作已经进行了很长一段时间,发现了一批有价值的候选疫苗分子。同时通过改进和优化免疫途径,血吸虫疫苗的免疫保护力正在逐步提高。随着研究的日益深入,对血吸虫疫苗的免疫机制等了解更加透彻,距离研制出能诱导高的、稳定的免疫保护力的疫苗分子的目标将越来越近。     

控释复合肥田间养分释放特征及对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮累积的影响

通过水中溶出率法和田间玉米根下土埋法,研究聚合物包膜控释复合肥的养分释放特征及其对土壤中NO3^--N和NH4^＋-N累积的影响。结果表明,浸提温度越低,控释复合肥的养分释放速率越慢,CRF1和CRF2在15℃的释放期分别是25℃的1.5,1.67倍,5℃的释放期皆为25℃的2倍;夏季CRF3田间养分释放速率稍慢于水中溶出速率,从第7天到第84天二者累积养分释放率平均变幅为3.12%;春季CRF4田间养分释放明显慢于水中溶出速率,最大变幅达31.8%;与CCF处理相比,施用控释复合肥能够显著提高玉米生长期耕层的NH4^＋-N含量和0-20 cm土层的NO3^--N含量,显著减少20-40 cm土层的NO3^--N的累积,且CRF3-H处理与CCF处理比较,在第14天和第84天时20-40 cm土层的NO3--N含量仍然表现为差异显著。因此,应根据不同地域的气候条件和作物需求,选用养分释放特征适宜的控释肥料,达到增效、节肥、安全、环保的目的。     

新型城市农产品配送系统的构建

在介绍我国城市农产品配送的一般形式的基础上,参考国外成功经验,构建了一种新型的城市农产品配送系统。     

血吸虫疫苗研究现状和发展方向

血吸虫疫苗的研究工作已经进行了很长一段时间,发现了一批有价值的候选疫苗分子。同时通过改进和优化免疫途径,血吸虫疫苗的免疫保护力正在逐步提高。随着研究的日益深入,对血吸虫疫苗的免疫机制等了解更加透彻,距离研制出能诱导高的、稳定的免疫保护力的疫苗分子的目标将越来越近。     

中国信用风险缓释工具创新试点最新进展研究

信用风险缓释工具是中国银行间市场2010年创新试点推出的信用风险管理工具,它将短期融资券、中期票据和贷款等信用产品的信用风险剥离定价,并转移给愿意承担风险的投资者,其推出从根本上改变了商业银行等金融机构信用风险管理的传统特征。通过对信用风险缓释工具试点中投资主体培育、市场定价、做市商机制、信息披露、市场外部环境建设等问题进行研究,有利于信用缓释工具功能的充分发挥,有利于完善债券市场信用风险分担机制、有利于商业银行等投资者动态、专业地管理信用风险。