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31.
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PWM Kronen DVM PF Moon-Massat DVM DipACVA JW Ludders DVM DipACVA RD Gleed BVSc MRCVS DVA DipACVA DipECVA TJ Kern DVM DipACVO J Randolph DVM DipACVIM H N Erb DVM MS PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(3):146-155
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of two insulin doses to maintain an acceptable range of blood glucose concentrations (70–200 mg dL?1) in the peri‐operative period in diabetic dogs. Animals Twenty‐four diabetic dogs with a median weight of 20.6 kg and a median age of 8 years old. Methods The dogs were randomly assigned to receive either 25 or 100% of their normal insulin dose subcutaneously on the morning of surgery. The anesthetic and feeding protocols were standardized. On the day before surgery, venous blood was collected for measurement of β‐hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, hematocrit, total plasma protein and urea nitrogen. On the day of surgery, blood glucose concentrations were measured prior to anesthesia, prior to the start of surgery, 1 and 2 hours after beginning of surgery, 1 hour after extubation, at 16 : 00 hours and at 20 : 00 hours. β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured at 20 : 00 hours that day. At 08 : 00 hours the following day, β‐hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations were measured. The significance of differences between groups was tested with Wilcoxon's two‐tailed rank‐sum test, Chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test. Results There were no differences in insulin treatments, clinical signs, concurrent diseases and most clinicopathological parameters between the two groups of dogs at entry to the study. The 25% dose group had blood glucose values of 296 (102–601) mg dL?1 at 16 : 00 hours and 429 (97–595) mg dL?1 at 20 : 00 hours on the day of surgery. The 100% insulin dose group had lower corresponding values of 130 (55–375) mg dL?1 (p = 0.04) and 185 (51–440) mg dL?1 (p = 0.004). No other differences (p < 0.05) were detected between the two groups. Conclusions The administration of a full dose of insulin is only marginally advantageous for reducing glucose to normal (70–120 mg dL?1) after anesthesia but neither dose consistently induced glycemic values in an acceptable range (70–200 mg dL?1) or normoketonemia. Clinical relevance Blood glucose should be measured immediately before anesthesia and periodically throughout the peri‐operative period in all diabetic dogs because presurgical subcutaneous administration of 25 or 100% of the normal insulin dose resulted in unpredictable blood glucose concentrations. 相似文献
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H Chevalier LP Posner JW Ludders HN Erb RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):114-114
Our purpose was to assess the accuracy and precision of a point of care hemoglobinometer (HemoCue‐B hemoglobin photometer) for measuring hemoglobin concentration in horse blood. Samples of jugular venous blood from 12 healthy adult horses were collected in EDTA. In order to test the device over a wide range of values, each sample was divided into nine aliquots, and autologous plasma was added or removed from the aliquots to produce blood with PCV values that approximated 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The aliquots were rocked to ensure mixing of plasma and cells. Then hemoglobin by HemoCue‐B (HbHQ) and hemoglobin by the cyanmethemoglobin method (HbCY) were measured on each aliquot. The PCV of each aliquot was also measured and this value was used for subsequent analyses. To test repeatability, hemoglobin was measured twice by the HemoCue‐B on approximately 40% samples. Samples with HbHQ >25.4 g dL?1 required dilution prior to analysis. HbCY ranged from 1.6 to 33.4 g dL?1. After regression, HbCY = ?0.16 + 1.04 HbHQ (n = 101; r2 = 99.6%). By inspection of a modified Bland‐Altman plot, HbHQ values <16 g dL?1 closely approximated HbCY; however, at greater values, HbHQ underestimated HbCY by as much as 3.2 g dL?1. The difference between repeated measurements with the HemoCue‐B was 0.02 ± 0.16 g dL?1 (mean ± SD; n = 10) and nonsignificant. After regression, PCV = ?0.76 + 2.78 HbHQ (n = 101; r2 = 99.4%). We conclude that HemoCue‐B can be used to measure hemoglobin concentration in horse blood, and that it is accurate when hemoglobin is <16 g dL?1. PCV can be estimated by multiplying HbHQ by 2.8 and then subtracting 0.8. 相似文献
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J Christensen-Dalsgaard W Dappen SV Ajukov ER Anderson HM Antia S Basu VA Baturin G Berthomieu B Chaboyer SM Chitre AN Cox P Demarque J Donatowicz WA Dziembowski M Gabriel DO Gough DB Guenther JA Guzik JW Harvey F Hill G Houdek CA Iglesias AG Kosovichev JW Leibacher P Morel CR Proffitt J Provost J Reiter EJ Rhodes FJ Rogers IW Roxburgh MJ Thompson RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292
Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations. 相似文献
35.
Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
ML Goulden SC Wofsy JW Harden SE Trumbore PM Crill ST Gower T Fries BC Daube S Fan DJ Sutton A Bazzaz JW Munger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):214-217
We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site. 相似文献
36.
HC LIN SS WALLACE JW TYLER† RL ROBBINS JC THURMON‡ DF WOLFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(8):239-242
Summary The anaesthetic effects of intravenous tiletamine-zolazepam 6.6 mg/kg-ketamine 6.6 mg/kg (TK) and tiletamine-zolazepam 6.6 mg/kg-ketamine 6.6 mg/kg-xylazine 0.11 mg/kg (TKX) were evaluated in six wethers. Heart rate, respiration rate, arterial blood pressure, and the electrocardiogram were monitored during anaesthesia. Analgesia was tested by electrical stimulation in the left flank. Atropine (0.03 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly before induction, but after recording of baseline heart rate and respiratory rate. The duration of analgesia was 28.7 ± 6.9 min with TK and 82.8 ± 26.6 min with TKX. Heart rate increased significantly within 5 min after TK or TKX administration. Respiratory rate remained unchanged after TK administration, but increased significantly from 5 to 45 min after TKX administration. Arterial blood pressure decreased significantly at 15 min with TK and 30 min with TKX. Sheep remained recumbent for 201 min with TK and 166 min with TKX. All recovered uneventfully. We conclude that either TK or TKX may be used for anaesthetising sheep. 相似文献
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38.
The efficacy of a controlled-release albendazole capsule in suppressing nematode burdens in sheep 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An experiment was undertaken between July and November 1985 in East Gippsland, Victoria, to determine the efficacy of an intra-ruminal controlled-release albendazole capsule against naturally acquired worm burdens and larval challenge in Merino hoggets. Two groups of 20 sheep, one group untreated, the other dosed with a capsule were grazed together; 5 sheep from each group were slaughtered for total worm counts 30 and 101 d after capsules were administered. Serum anthelmintic concentrations, faecal egg counts and body weights were monitored. Most capsules were exhausted within 91 d of administration. During the estimated 80 d for which they remained active the capsules were highly effective against the benzimidazole-susceptible worm populations. Faecal egg counts were reduced to zero and total worm populations were reduced by over 97% 30 d after administration. By 101 d egg counts were increasing and worm counts indicated that sheep were becoming reinfected. Sheep treated with the capsules grew faster than those not treated. 相似文献
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40.
A neurological disorder in Merino sheep, characterised clinically by progressive posterior ataxia and microscopically by Wallerian degeneration in thoracic segments of the spinal cord, is described. Animals of both sexes were affected, with the earliest onset of disease being at 5 months of age. Most affected animals died before 2 years of age. The clinical, pathological and epidemiological features suggest that this degenerative thoracic myelopathy is a previously unrecognised entity differing from other reported causes of ataxia in sheep in Australia. 相似文献