新疆库尔勒地区羊源产志贺毒素大肠杆菌及其耐药性分析

为了解新疆库尔勒地区羊源产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli,STEC）毒力基因的分布情况及其耐药性,对新疆库尔勒地区羊肉生产环节（养殖场、定点屠宰场和市场）的282份样品进行STEC的分离鉴定,并检测毒力基因的编码情况,进一步检测了17种常用抗生素的耐药情况。结果表明：羊肉生产环节样品中检出72株STEC,检出率为25.5%。72株STEC中编码毒力基因stx1+stx2、stx1、stx2、rfbE、eae、hly的数量分别为22、45、2、0、4、51个。其中,羊养殖场中存在较多的非O157 STEC,检出率为37.3%;stx以stx1为主,检出率达到了652%。72株STEC中以β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类抗生素耐药为主,STEC菌株的多重耐药比较严重,最多可耐9种抗生素,多重耐药情况主要是耐1种和耐2种抗生素。研究表明,羊肉生产环节中羊养殖场存在大量的非O157 STEC菌株,且耐药情况比较严重,务必预防源头污染。     

稻草与牛粪混合腐解的最佳配比筛选

【目的】以腐殖质组成特征为评价依据,筛选稻草与牛粪混合腐解的最佳配比,为两类农业固体废弃物的资源化应用提供参考。【方法】以稻草和牛粪为材料,采用室内培养法,研究稻草与牛粪质量比为10∶0(Rs),9∶1(Rd1),7∶3(Rd2),5∶5(Rd3),3∶7(Rd4),1∶9(Rd5)和0∶10(Dm)混合腐解90 d,各处理水溶性物质(WSS)、可提取腐殖酸(HE)、胡敏酸(HA)、胡敏素(Hu)组分的有机碳含量(依次表述为C_(WSS)、C_(HE)、C_(HA)、C_(Hu)),以及胡敏酸碱溶液E_4/E_6、腐殖化系数(C_(HA)/C_(FA))的动态变化,筛选稻草与牛粪腐解的最佳配比。【结果】与0 d相比,在腐解完成(90 d)后,各处理C_(WSS)含量均有不同程度降低,相比于稻草,牛粪腐解后更易促进微生物对C_(WSS)的利用,使其下降86.2%;Rd2和Rd5处理使物料C_(HE)含量分别增加10.2%和28.6%,其余处理C_(HE)均有不同程度消耗;与0 d相比,腐解完成后,Rd1、Rd3和Dm处理均有助于C_(HA)的积累,其中牛粪腐解更易促进C_(HA)的形成,使其增加30.5%。在各处理下,物料HA分子均先发生降解、脂族化,而后逐渐缩合、芳香化,但HA分子结构仍趋于简单;在促进HA分子脂族化方面,Rd4处理的优势最大,而Dm处理更有利于HA结构的稳定。Rd3处理在促进腐殖质品质方面的贡献最大,其次为Rd1处理,Dm和Rs处理次之,但Rd2和Rd5处理不利于腐殖质品质的改善;Rs、Rd1、Rd2、Rd3和Rd4处理在腐解过程中更有利于C_(Hu)的分解,且Rd3处理的优势最大,使C_(Hu)含量下降91.0%,而牛粪比例≥90%更有助于C_(Hu)的累积。【结论】稻草与牛粪按照质量比5∶5混合腐解,易促进C_(Hu)的分解和C_(HA)的积累,利于腐殖质品质提升。     

贝母属植物叶绿体基因组候选SNP位点应用分析

贝母属植物是中国中药材的宝库,由于形态上难以区分,在民间应用、临床应用和中药市场中还存在混淆应用、以次充好的现象,急需开发基于新型分子标记位点的精准检测方法。本研究应用多重序列比对、SNP筛选等生物信息学分析手段,对贝母属15种植物28条叶绿体基因组序列进行分析。结果发现,贝母属叶绿体基因组DNA同源性达97.22%,通过分析共发现SNP位点5879个,其中川贝母类鉴别候选位点71个,川贝母鉴别候选位点4个,瓦布贝母鉴别候选位点37个,太白贝母鉴别候选位点147个,浙贝母鉴别候选位点91个,湖北贝母鉴别候选位点271个,平贝母鉴别候选位点1393个,伊贝母鉴别候选位点89个。本研究还对SNP位点在精准鉴定、精确定量应用方面进行了讨论,可为川贝母中药资源鉴定提供技术支撑。     

我国食糖储备制度的发展概况(一)

文章总结了我国食糖储备制度建立以来的发展历程,通过梳理历年来国储糖的放储和收储情况,重点阐述了国储糖与食糖供需、食糖价格和食糖进口之间的关系,最后概括实施食糖储备制度所取得的成效和存在的问题及探讨改进的措施.为各界了解、研究我国糖业及国储糖政策提供有关资料作参考借鉴.     

The On-Farm Trials of the Rotational Prawn-Rice Farming in a Semi-Deep Water Area

ABSTRACT

The on-farm trials of rotational rice-prawn farming in a semi-deep water area in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam was carried out in six rice fields (0.7–1.0 ha) to evaluate the production and economic efficiency of using low and high cost feed on prawn culture in paddies at different densities. Two stocking densities of 4 and 5 PL/m² were investigated. Two treatments of feed types (pellets only or a combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat) were applied at stocking 4 PL/m². At the treatment of 5 PL/m², prawns were fed a combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat. Prawns were stocked in the mid-April and harvested in mid‐November before the next dry season rice crop. Rice farming was started 3 to 5 days after prawn harvesting. By cull harvesting during the culture period, final mean weights of prawn ranged from 47.2 to 57.2 g/prawn and the male:female ratio at harvesting was 2.5:1.0. The prawn yield of treatment 5 PL/m² was highest (630 ± 22 kg/ha). Net profits in treatments using the combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat were 861 ± 193 US$/ha to 1,019 ± 25 US$/ha for the prawn crop and 1,393 ± 71 US$/ha to 1,576 ± 180 US$/ha for the whole system (prawn crop + dry rice crop) and significantly higher than in treatment using pellet only (P < 0.05). Prawns fed on pellets or a combination of pellets and snail meat both offer similar results in terms of production and economics. The dry rice crop offered high cost benefit ratio (2.29–2.33) with low operating cost (414–434 USD/ha) and it made a better use in sustainable rice fields through the rotational rice-prawn system.     

猪-鱼复合养殖模式中气单胞菌I类整合子的流行情况及其耐药特征

为了解广东地区猪-鱼复合养殖模式下气单胞菌整合子流行情况及其耐药特征,从广东省5个不同猪-鱼复合养殖场采集分离猪粪、鱼、池塘水及池塘底泥的气单胞菌共317株,通过微量二倍稀释法测定其对20种药物的敏感性;PCR扩增Ⅰ类整合子整合酶基因intI1,并分析其基因盒阵列结构。结果表明,317株气单胞菌对20种药物耐药程度不一,氨苄西林、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、萘啶酸的耐药率相对较高。intI1的检出率为15.77%,鱼源和猪源的整合子检出率高于环境源。整合子阳性菌对测试的12种药物的耐药率显著高于阴性菌,且表现为多重耐药;50个Ⅰ类整合子共检测到16种耐药基因盒,包括了编码氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA1、aadA2、aac6-Ⅱ、aacA4,甲氧苄啶耐药基因drfA1、dfrA12、dfrA15、dfrA17、dfrB4,β内酰胺类耐药基因bla_(OXA-10)、bla_(OXA-21),氯霉素耐药基因catB3、catB8,利福平耐药基因arr2、arr3以及质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药基因aac(6')-Ib-cr。携带了不同类耐药基因盒的整合子阳性菌还表现出所对应的对甲氧苄啶、链霉素、氯霉素类等的耐药表型,由此推测整合子的存在与细菌的多重耐药密切相关。研究表明,I类整合子分布于广东地区猪-鱼复合养殖模式下不同来源气单胞菌,并介导细菌对多种抗菌药物耐药。有必要开展畜禽-鱼复合养殖模式下细菌耐药性的传播机制研究,为水产养殖合理用药提供依据。     

Jagged1 knocking down in endothelial cells accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Jagged1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in rat.METHODS: Rat aorta EC was inoculated in the lower chamber and VSMC were in the upper chamber of the cell coculture system. Three groups were divided: control, sicontrol and siJagged1. The EC Jagged1 protein expression was assayed by Western blotting to evaluate small RNA interfering (RNAi) efficiency. After the cells were cocultured with PDGF for 24 h, the proliferation and migration of VSMC were respectively evaluated by ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migrating cells counting. Protein expression of α-SM-actin in VSMC was assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The Jagged1 protein expression in EC was significantly lower in siJagged1 group than that in control group (0.26±0.02 vs 0.67±0.02, P<0.05), and no statistic significance was observed between control and sicontrol groups. The VSMC ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migration were higher in PDGF +siJagged1 group than those in PDGF group {［3H］-TdR incorporation (23 074±2 702) counts·min-1·well-1 vs (16 442±1 803)counts·min-1·well-1, n=5, P<0.05; migration (27±4) cells/field vs (15±3)cells/field, n=5, P<0.05}. The α-SM-actin protein in VSMC was lower in PDGF + siJagged1 group than that in PDGF group (0.25±0.06 vs 0.49±0.04, n=3, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Jagged1 knock down in rat EC accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of VSMC. These results suggest that Jagged1 expression in EC plays an important role in maintaining VSMC contract phenotype and inhibiting VSMC overgrowth after arterial injury.     

玉米机械精量播种技术在彰武地区的应用研究

介绍几年来彰武县玉米精量播种技术的推广应用情况,通过与传统播种方式田间对比试验,证明采用精量播种技术种植玉米具有节本增效、省时省工、增产增收的优势,并指出玉米机械精量播种技术实施过程中的关键环节。     

陕西省经济实力与环境承载力协调度的时空演变格局

[目的]研究陕西省10个地级市的经济实力与环境承载力的协调度,为未来城市经济发展提供一定的理论参考。[方法]运用熵值法构建经济实力和环境承载力的指标体系,结合耦合协调度模型对经济和环境之间协调度的发展趋势进行研究,并借助ArcGIS工具对二者的空间格局进行探讨。[结果](1)陕西省10个地市的经济发展和环境承载力发展趋势呈现总体上升且稳定发展的态势,各个城市的环境承载力水平较高,发展速度差别不大且波动幅度小。(2)2005—2014年10个城市经济实力与环境承载力的耦合度和耦合协调度变化趋势基本相同,呈缓慢上升趋势;耦合协调度的空间组合不同,陕西省北部和中部城市经济发展和环境承载力的耦合协调度较高,南部城市耦合协调度水平低。[结论]陕西省10个地市经济实力与环境承载力协调度总体差异大,省会西安市所处的关中地区发展好,陕北地区次之,陕南地区的安康市和商洛市经济实力较弱。