利川市藤茶黄酮成分研究

从湖北省利川市齐岳山(海拔1 500～1 600 m)采集藤茶(Ampelopsis grossedentata)样品,采用60%乙醇超声提取总黄酮,利用紫外可见光分光光度计双波长(λ=208.4 nm,λ=293.2 nm)检测藤茶幼嫩茎尖总黄酮,平均含量高达453.67±11.26 mg/g;利用硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相分离到3个化合物,利用LC-HR-ESIMS、1D和2D NMR波谱数据进行分析,鉴定其结构分别为二氢杨梅素(1)、杨梅素(2)和花旗松素(3);通过高效液相(HPLC)检测分析发现,利川市藤茶样品中二氢杨梅素、杨梅素和花旗松素的含量为别186.31±10.43、13.83±1.32、14.76±2.26 mg/g。     

烟农专业合作社运行过程中的问题与思考

烟农合作社是烟农自愿加入、自发成立的一个群众性组织,是现代烟草农业建设与发展的一个重要平台,自现代烟草农业建设以来,烟农合作社发展取得了长足的进步,但也依然存在一些问题。本文就合作社管理人员选用、社员结构、运行规范、设施综合利用、工序化作业及农机具配置等6个方面问题进行探讨,供相关管理人员参考。     

缺磷响应基因OsSQD2.1对水稻生长发育的影响

【目的】旨在研究水稻缺磷响应基因OsSQD2.1对水稻生长发育的影响,从而解析其作用。【方法】通过生物信息学的方法,确定OsSQD2.1基因及蛋白结构并分析OsSQD2.1启动子上的顺式作用元件;通过荧光定量PCR检测,研究不同缺素条件下OsSQD2.1的表达;测定T-DNA插入突变体和沉默干涉材料不同时期表型、磷含量和净光合速率,研究OsSQD2.1对转基因植株生长发育及光合作用的影响。【结果】OsSQD2.1基因编码区全长为3548 bp,位于第1染色体上,具有11个外显子和10个内含子,OsSQD2.1属于糖基转移酶家族;OsSQD2.1启动子上含有多个缺磷响应顺式作用元件;OsSQD2.1受缺磷诱导,缺硫抑制。营养生长期突变体或沉默材料地上部长度和主根长均显著低于野生型。生殖生长期,突变体或沉默材料株高和千粒重显著低于野生型,结实率无显著差异。OsSQD2.1的突变与沉默增加正常供磷时叶片中的总磷,在缺磷条件时野生型相比无明显差异;此外,苗期和成熟期突变体的净光合速率显著低于野生型,初步推测OsSQD2.1影响水稻净光合速率。【结论】OsSQD2.1受缺磷响应,并影响水稻生长发育。     

刺芫荽总黄酮超声提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本研究目的是对刺芫荽中总黄酮超声辅助提取的工艺条件进行优化,并对刺芫荽总黄酮的抗氧化活性进行评价。以总黄酮得率为指标,采用单因素试验,分别对超声波提取时乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度和提取时间的适宜水平进行筛选;在此基础上,采用正交试验设计对总黄酮超声提取条件进行优化,结果显示,刺芫荽总黄酮超声提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度50%、料液比1∶25(g/mL)、水浴温度80℃、超声时间50 min,在此条件下总黄酮得率为1.385%。并通过测定总黄酮提取物对羟基自由基(·OH)和DPPH自由基的清除率以及对大豆油和玉米油的抗油脂过氧化活性,评价了其体外的抗氧化活性,结果显示,刺芫荽总黄酮对·OH和DPPH自由基均具有较好的清除作用,并具有较好的抗油脂过氧化活性。利用正交试验方法得到的刺芫荽总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件提取到的总黄酮具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

虎耳草及其组培快繁技术

综述了虎耳草的生物、生态学特性，用途，研究和开发利用现状等。组培繁殖试验结果表明，以虎耳草成熟植株的茎段为外植体，在无激素培养基MS上诱导出芽；在MS 6-BA0．2mg／L(单位下同) IBA0．1培养基上继代和增殖培养，繁殖系数可达4～5；在培养基1／2MS 15g/L糖的培养基上进行根系诱导及生长，生根率可达100％，开始生根时间3d，根系生长完成时间14～15d，生根整齐，同步性高。上述培养务件为本试验的最佳配方。虎耳草组培再生植株的移栽成活率可达85％以上。     

糯玉米自交系SSR标记遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析

为了解糯玉米种质的遗传基础,利用29对SSR标记对87份糯玉米自交系进行遗传多样性分析,共检测出180个等位变异,平均每个位点6个等位变异,多态性信息含量变幅为0.308～0.915,平均为0.572。材料间遗传相似系数为0.49～0.93,平均为0.66。通过聚类分析UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means)方法在遗传相似系数0.64处将87份糯玉米自交系划分为4个类群,分别包含9、66、10和2份材料。此外,利用Structure群体遗传结构分析也将87份糯玉米自交系分为4个类群,分别包含24、25、19和19份材料;进一步分析表明,供试群体中大部分糯玉米自交系的遗传变异较单一。本研究为糯玉米新品种选育和遗传进化分析提供了种质基础和理论依据。     

Colonization of neonatal puppies by staphylococci.

The composition of the normal staphylococcal flora of bitches and their litters held in a breeding unit was studied. The animals were sampled at a number of sites using moistened swabs. Six bitches were sampled daily, for 10 days, before whelping and then, together with four puppies per litter, at whelping (day 11) and at 1 and 7 days thereafter. Staphylococcus intermedius formed the predominant staphylococcal isolate. S. intermedius counts at the oral and nasal sites on the bitches did not change markedly before whelping and remained low (< 6 cfu/swab). Significant rises in the oral counts on both the bitches (P < 0.05) and puppies (P < 0.001) were then observed after whelping (days 11-18). Abdominal counts on both the bitches and puppies also rose (P < 0.001) after whelping. S. intermedius counts at the vaginal vestibulum of the pregnant bitches were found to be higher than at any other site sampled and did not alter markedly until whelping when a decrease (P = 0.05; days 10-12) was observed. S. intermedius was not found at the anal site in any of the six bitches and only transiently colonized five of the puppies.     

普通白菜种质资源耐抽薹性评价及耐抽薹种质的筛选

以64 份普通白菜种质为试材进行露地栽培试验,通过对耐抽薹指标和主要农艺性状进行主成分分析、相关性分析 以及隶属函数、聚类分析,综合评价普通白菜种质的耐抽薹性。结果表明：利用主成分分析法将普通白菜9 个指标转化为抽 薹时间、植株生长状态和生长量3 个主成分因子,累积贡献率达79.147%。相关性分析结果表明,抽薹期、现蕾期、开花期 之间呈极显著正相关,其中现蕾期的观测最为简单可靠,可快速评价普通白菜的耐抽薹性。运用隶属函数法将64 份材料分 为5 个耐抽薹等级,并筛选出4 份极耐抽薹种质和6 份耐抽薹种质。聚类分析将隶属函数法筛选出的极耐抽薹种质和耐抽薹 种质均划分到第Ⅱ类群,说明隶属函数法和聚类分析法均能有效鉴定普通白菜的耐抽薹性,其中隶属函数法更为简便直观。     

Astragalosides inhibit autophagy and apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes induced by H2O2 through mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragalosides on autophagy and apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes induced by hydrogenperoxide (H₂O₂).METHODS: The injury model of H9c2 cells induced by H₂O₂ was established, and the cells in astragalosides group and rapamycin group were treated with 20 mg/L astragalosides and 0.1 mg/L rapamycin, respectively. The apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The autophagy was observed by acridine orange staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of p-mTOR, P70S6K, LC3 and caspase-3. RESULTS: Compared with H₂O₂ group and rapamycin group, the viability of H9c2 cells in astragalosides group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The shape of the H9c2 cells in astragalosides group was complete, the nuclei were stained with yellow-green fluorescence, and the chromatin was distributed evenly. The protein levels of p-mTOR and P70S6K in the H9c2 cells of astragalosides group were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas the protein levels of LC3, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 in the H9c2 cells of astragalosides group were decreased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragalosides enhance the viability, inhibit the apoptosis, increase the protein levels of p-mTOR and P70S6K, and decrease the protein levels of LC3, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 in the H₂O₂-induced rat myocardial H9c2 cells. The mechanism is related to the mTOR signaling pathway.     

砖肥对土壤电导率及烤烟根系分布的影响

紫色土分布区域降雨集中、土壤养分淋失严重,导致土壤肥力下降、根区养分供应不足、根系发育不良等问题,提升土壤养分的供应强度有利于优化根系空间分布格局和促进根系生长。将原料肥和有机物料混匀后,利用1400 kg/cm2的强大压力将其压制成砖肥(BF),同时,设置原料肥和有机物料物理混合(CK)为对照。于关键生育期测定垄向截面不同土层深度和离烟株不同远近距离的格点位置的土壤电导率(EC)、不同直径的根系组成和根系生物量,采用Logistic模型、指数模型拟合根系空间分布关键参数和生物量累积关键参数,研究砖肥对烤烟根区电导率及根系生长的影响。结果表明:在烤烟根系主要分布区,即主根系半径12.5 cm处,深度2.5～12.5 cm的土壤剖面,BF处理的EC比CK高90.5～281.6 μS/cm;主根系半径17.5 cm处,深度2.5～17.5 cm的土壤剖面,BF的EC比CK高160.1～392.2 μS/cm。在主根系15～20 cm水平半径内,BF的根系重量比CK提高150%;分布在10～15 cm深度土层的根系重量提高了26.5%,并且土壤剖面10～20 cm之间的侧根伸展性更强、分布更广。移栽后75、90和105 d,BF的田间根系生物量分别比CK提高12.7、11.9和9.7 g/株,烟叶生物量分别比CK高24.5、13.6和17.1 g/株,根系和烟叶生物量最大累积速率分别比CK提高了43.5%和15.7%。对于淋失严重的土壤,施用砖肥可以提高养分供应强度、优化根系分布格局和促进烤烟生长发育。