IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—MEDULLARY TIBIAL INFARCTION IN A HORSE

An Andalusian Stallion with left hind limb lameness had a radiolucent lesion in the medullary cavity of distal tibial metaphysis. After euthanasia for other disease, the tibia was examined with magnetic resonance (MR). The MR imaging sequences were characterized by a double line sign, although showing quite different lesion area intensities. Histologically, the lesion was compatible with medullary infarction being characterized by normal spongy bone, areas of abundant fibrous tissue and numerous necrotic adipocytes in various stages of destruction.     

Generalized Apocrine Cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog

Résumé— Les kystes sudoripares multicentriques sont des affections rares chez le chien caractérisées par une hyperplasie multifocale kystique des glandes apocrines au niveau du cou et de la tête. Dans ce cas, nous décrivons un cas sévére de kystes sudoripares multicentriques généralisés chez un Bobtail. Bien que cette affection soit considérée comme un processus non-néoplasique, le comportement et l'histologie des lésions sont compatibles avec révolution d'une tumeur bénigne. En outre nous avons mis en évidence l'expression de récepteurs pour un facteur de croissance épidermique, puissant mitogéne de l'épithélium glandulaire. [Generalized apocrine cystamatosis in an Old English Sheepdog. (Kystes sudoripares généralisés chez un Bobtail.) Zusammenfassung— Apokrine Zystomatose ist eine seltene Erkrankung beim Hund, die durch eine multifokale zystische Hyperplasie der apokrinen Drüsen über Kopf und Hals gekennzeichnet. In diesem Bericht wird der Fall einer schweren generalisierten apokrinen Zystomatose bei einem Bobtail beschrieben. Obwohl dieser Zustand gewöhnlich als nicht-neoplastisches Geschehen eigenstuft wird, war das Verhalten und die Histologie der Veränderungen in diesem Fall mit einem gutartigen Tumor vergleichbar. Weiterhin wurde die Expression eines Rezeptors für den epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor entdeckt, der ein potentes Mitogen für die Drüsenepithelien darstellt und in sekretorischen Zellen apokrine Zysten umgibt. [Generalized aprocrine cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog (Generlisierte apokrine Zystomatose bei einem Bobtail). Abstract— Apocrine cystomatosis is an uncommon disorder in the dog characterized by multifocal cystic hyperplasia of apocrine glands over the head and neck. In this report, we describe a case of severe generalized apocrine cystomatosis in an Old English Sheepdog. Although the condition is usually regarded as a non-neoplastic process, the behaviour and histology of the lesions in our case are compatible with a benign tumor. Furthermore, we detected the expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor, a potent mitogen for glandular epithelia, in secretory cells lining apocrine cysts.     

Impact of spring upwelling variability off southern‐central Chile on common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) recruitment

Off southern‐central Chile, the impact of spring upwelling variability on common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) recruitment was examined by analyzing satellite and coastal station winds, satellite chlorophyll, and common sardine recruitment from a stock assessment model. In austral spring, the intensity of wind‐driven upwelling is related to sea surface temperature (SST) from the Niño 3.4 region, being weak during warm periods (El Niño) and strong during cold periods (La Niña). Interannual changes in both spring upwelling intensity and SST from the Niño 3.4 region are related to changes in remotely sensed chlorophyll over the continental shelf. In turn, year‐to‐year changes in coastal chlorophyll are tightly coupled to common sardine recruitment. We propose that, in the period 1991–2004, interannual changes in the intensity of spring upwelling affected the abundance and availability of planktonic food for common sardine, and consequently determined pre‐recruit survival and recruitment strength. However, the importance of density‐dependent factors on the reproductive dynamic cannot be neglected, as a negative association exists between spawning biomass and recruitment‐per‐spawning biomass. Coastal chlorophyll, upwelling intensity, and SST anomalies from the Niño 3.4 region could potentially help to predict common sardine recruitment scenarios under strong spring upwelling and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related anomalies.     

Relating spatial and temporal scales of climate and ocean variability to survival of Pacific Northwest Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Pacific Northwest Chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, have exhibited a high degree of variability in smolt‐to‐adult survival over the past three decades. This variability is summarized for 22 Pacific Northwest stocks and analyzed using generalized linear modeling techniques. Results indicate that survival can be grouped into eight distinct regional clusters: (1) Alaska, Northern BC and North Georgia Strait; (2) Georgia Strait; (3) Lower Fraser River and West Coast Vancouver Island; (4) Puget Sound and Hood Canal; (5) Lower Columbia Tules; (6) Columbia Upriver Brights, Willamette and Cowlitz; (7) Oregon and Washington Coastal; and (8) Klamath River and Columbia River Summers. Further analysis for stocks within each of the eight regions indicates that local ocean conditions following the outmigration of smolts from freshwater to marine areas had a significant effect on survival for the majority of the stock groups analyzed. Our analyses of the data indicate that Pacific Northwest Chinook survival covaries on a spatial scale of 350–450 km. Lagged time series models are presented that link large‐scale tropical Pacific conditions, intermediate‐basin scale northeastern Pacific conditions, and local sea surface temperatures to survival of Pacific Northwest stocks.     

Skin lesions in canine leishmaniasis

Forty-three dogs affected by canine leishmaniasis (CL) with skin lesions have been studied clinically and histopathologically. Identification of leishmaniads in tissues was achieved using indirect immunoperoxidase staining. According to both macroscopic and microscopic lesions, four different dermatological patterns have been observed. Twenty-six dogs showed alopecia and desquamation as the main skin lesions. Histologically a diffuse non-suppurative dermatitis, with numerous leishmaniads inside macrophages was present. Ten animals showed skin ulcerations on limbs, especially over articulations. Histologically, the number of leishmaniads was very reduced. Five animals presented a generalised nodular disease. Each nodule corresponded with a focal accumulation of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, with a high number of parasites. Finally, two dogs presented generalised skin pustules. The possible pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of each form is discussed.     

Granulomatous dermatitis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in two psittacine birds

Two cases of cutaneous mycobacteriosis in psittacine birds showing featherless, non-painful, non-pruritic nodules are described. Histopathological studies of skin biopsies from both cases demonstrated the presence of a diffuse granulomatous dermatitis with acid- fast organism s inside macrophages, which led to the diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacteriosis. In one case, generalization of the process to internal organs (intestinal and hepatic serosae) was observed. Mycobacterial organisms could not be cultured using conventional isolation media (Coletsos and Löwenstein–Jensen), but polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique performed on pathological samples from both birds revealed the presence of Mycobacterium genavense . It is thus proposed that cutaneous mycobacteriosis infections, in particular those caused by M . genavense , should be included in the differential diagnosis of skin nodular processes in psittacine birds. The usefulness of PCR techniques for aetiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections is emphasized.     

From egg to juvenile in the Bay of Biscay: spatial patterns of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) recruitment in a non‐upwelling region

In this study the spatial distribution of eggs, larvae and juveniles of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) was followed in 2004 and 2005 during three consecutive cruises each year in spring–summer to test what the limits of retention are in a non‐upwelling area. Eggs, small larvae and large juveniles were mainly distributed over the shelf, whereas large larvae and small juveniles were found mainly off the shelf. Although overall distributions were similar, the 2 yr differed in that there was more of a coastal distribution of individuals in 2004, whereas in 2005 more individuals were found off the shelf. There were no significant differences in the length–weight relationships for individuals found on and off the shelf or between years. The correspondence in circulation patterns and the lack of difference in the length–weight relationships suggest that a single population is present, larvae drifting off the shelf due to currents and returning as mobile juveniles. Quantile regression analysis of the long‐term recruitment index suggests that transport off the shelf may favour good recruitments. This would suggest that in non‐upwelling regions the retention area resulting in good recruitment may not be restricted to the shelf.     

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION DOES NOT ALLEVIATE SODIUM CHLORIDE-SALINITY STRESS IN VINCA [CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. DON]

We conducted a study to determine if inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) would enhance the tolerance of vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] plants to sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced salinity in irrigation water. Vinca tolerated salinity levels up to 40 mM. Chlorophyll concentration, proline synthesis, and total antioxidant activity were increased with saline irrigation, while leaf potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and boron (B) content decreased, suggesting a detrimental salinity effect. Despite the limited effect of increasing salinity on N content, NaCl-stressed vinca plants showed a marked decrease in nitrate reductase activity, which was associated with decreased leaf K and Fe total content. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in reduced growth when compared to non-AMF plants, regardless of salinity level. The K/sodium (Na) ratio decreased dramatically with increasing salinity regardless of AMF treatment. Suggesting, that the AMF isolate was not able to selectively uptake K and Ca, and avoid uptake of Na.     

In Vitro Digestibility of Banana Starch Cookies

Banana starch was isolated and used for preparation of two types of cookies. Chemical composition and digestibility tests were carried out on banana starch and the food products, and these results were compared with corn starch. Ash, protein, and fat levels in banana starch were higher than in corn starch. The high ash amount in banana starch could be due to the potassium content present in this fruit. Proximal analysis was similar between products prepared with banana starch and those based on corn starch. The available starch content of the banana starch preparation was 60% (dmb). The cookies had lower available starch than the starches while banana starch had lower susceptibility to the in vitro -amylolysis reaction. Banana starch and its products had higher resistant starch levels than those made with corn starch.