UV-B增强对中高海拔干旱地区玉米生长的影响

探讨UV-B辐射增强对中高海拔干旱地区玉米的影响,可为正确评估UV-B增强对玉米生长发育的影响程度并据此制定合理的应对措施提供科学依据.采用大田定位试验,利用可升降式紫外灯装置,观测增加不同剂量UV-B辐射情况下玉米的株高、叶面积、绿叶数及产量构成的变化状况.试验结果显示,在中高海拔的干旱地区,UV-B辐射增强使玉米植株矮化、叶面积减小、绿叶数减少和产量降低.叶面积减小的原因是随UV-B辐射增强叶长变短、叶宽变窄,产量降低的原因是产量各构成因素均受到UV-B辐射增强较大不利影响,并且随着UV-B辐射增加量越多,玉米产量降低的幅度越大.     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型ORF2基因的克隆与表达

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)是引起断奶后仔猪多系统衰竭综合症(PMWS)的重要病原.笔者用PCR方法扩增PCV2截短的ORF2基因并亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建的重组表达质粒命名为pGEX-ORF2,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在37℃经IPTG诱导4h.PCV2的cap蛋白以包涵体形式得到有效表达.经SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析表明表达的重组蛋白分子量约为46KD,重组蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性.     

中部城市地标性综合公园使用后评价研究——以株洲神农城综合公园为例

中部城市地标性综合公园作为城市范围内最有影响力的公园绿地,它与市民的日常游憩、城市形象展示紧密联系。文章运用使用后评价,对中部城市地标性综合公园——株洲神农城的游客使用感受进行研究,研究表明,游客对于场地的整体满意度较高,本地游客更满意场地良好的自然景观环境,而外地游客更满意其独特的神农文化氛围;针对神农城服务的人群特点与游客需求,提出一定的改进建议,以期为场地可持续发展、城市形象名片的输出起到促进作用,为其他中部城市地标性综合公园的设计和建成环境的更新提供借鉴。     

基于粮食干燥机旋转管壳式换热器设计与研究

针对粮食干燥机换热器存在的烟气分布不均匀、换热量小、换热效率低及能源利用率低等问题,基于强化传热理论对传统的逆流列管式换热器进行创新设计研究。为此,设计出一种可以增加壳程高温烟气扰流的旋转叶片机构,适用于大批量粮食干燥机的旋转管壳式换热器,并进行了三维建模、运动仿真和有限元分析。结果表明:该机构改善了高温烟气在壳程内的分布,10r/min换热器传热性能优于0r/min换热器,壳程换热系数提高了60.5%。     

西宁地区杂草的种类分布及其危害

西宁地区常见的草坪杂草有84种,隶属于21科16属。杂草一二年生杂草有32种,多年生杂草有52种,菊科,禾本科,豆科,唇形科和十字花科杂草有32种,为优势杂草种群。老鹳草,苦苣菜,苣荬菜等为杂草优势种,也是重要的防除对象。草坪杂草在5-11月为危害期,5-9月为严重时期,采用机械防除和化学药剂防除,配合高水平的养护管理可得到有效的防治。     

细胞膜糖转运系统的蛋白质互作调节研究进展

研究表明,在生物体中,糖的跨膜转运是由糖转运系统介导的,该系统由糖转运蛋白家族蛋白或非糖转运蛋白家族蛋白构成.细胞膜的糖转运不仅受构成转运系统的蛋白基因表达的调节,还受蛋白质互作调节.糖转运蛋白家族成员能够形成同源寡聚体、异源寡聚体,还能与一些非糖转运蛋白发生互作.     

一株鹅副粘病毒分离株的增殖最佳条件及其致病性研究

为了探讨鹅副粘病毒在鸡胚中增殖的最佳条件及其致病性,将不同血凝滴度的鹅副粘病毒分别接种于9～11日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,收获孵化36、48、60、72和84 h的鸡胚尿囊液,测定血凝滴度。结果表明将血凝价为1∶64的鹅副粘病毒稀释50倍后,接种9日龄鸡胚,37℃培养48～72 h获得的尿囊液血凝价可达1∶256～1∶512,平均尿囊液量可达9.4 mL/胚。动物试验表明增殖获得的鸡胚尿囊液具有较强的致病性,将该尿囊液接种10日龄鸡胚和颈部皮下注射21日龄非免疫雏鹅,结果接种后鸡胚于30～48 h全部死亡。雏鹅平均死亡时间为62.6 h。特征性剖检病变为脾脏肿大,有灰白色坏死点;胰脏出血,有灰白色坏死点;肠道出血,溃疡;病料分离培养的病毒液HA价高达28,能凝集鸡红细胞,并出现解凝现象。     

Laboratory Evaluation on Ammonia Volatilization from Coated Urea Fertilizers

Coated urea fertilizers are assumed to enhance crop yield and reducing the environmental pollution. Nevertheless, many of the coated urea fertilizers are expensive, thus not readily available for most farmers. In addition, many of these fertilizers release N not in tandem with the plant’s need, thus retard growth. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of coated urea fertilizers on N losses via volatilization. Measurement of ammonia volatilization was carried out using the closed-dynamic air flow system. The study for ammonia volatilization was conducted using different rates of fertilizer (50, 100, and 200 kg N ha^?1) with different types of fertilizer (Urea, Sulfur-coated urea; SCU and Gypsum sulfur coated urea using rotating drum; GSCUD) in 37 days of incubation. The results indicate that SCU represents the best fertilizer which decreases the amount of ammonia volatilization at each rate of fertilizer. Besides, the rate of 50 kg N ha^?1 has the lowest percentage of ammonia volatilization. Moreover, the result proved the effectiveness of coating urea fertilizer may reduce the ammonia loss to the environment and new product which GSCUD can be comparable to the commercial product.     

15N-labelled fertiliser recovery by maize (Zea mays L.) and leaching of nutrients as influenced by oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar in a mini-lysimeter under controlled tropical environment

Converting oil palm empty fruit bunches into biochar is an alternative waste management method and has strong potential to improve N fertiliser use efficiency in agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) in improving recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen fertiliser by maize (Zea mays L.) and leaching of mineral N and K. An experiment was conducted in a mini-lysimeter system with randomised complete block design layout and six replications under controlled environment in a rain shelter. Each mini-lysimeter was filled with 20 kg of sandy loam soil before adding EFBB (0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha^?1). The N source used was (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ at 80 kg N ha^?1 (2 at% ¹⁵N excess). Maize was irrigated to induce leaching every 4 days. Maize plant and soils were sampled 58 days after sowing (tasselling stage). Application of EFBB significantly reduced cumulative leachate volume and mineral N leaching. Soils applied with EFBB significantly improved ¹⁵N fertiliser recovery in maize and dry matter weight. This study shows that EFBB has the potential to be applied on highly weathered acidic soil as an amendment to improve fertiliser efficiency and crop growth.     

4种杀菌剂及其复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑4种杀菌剂及其两元复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力。结果显示,咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑对番茄灰霉病菌的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为:0.018 0、0.018 1、1.896 8和2.087 4μg/mL。复配剂啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5、1∶3和1∶1,咯菌腈∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5增效作用最明显;复配剂咯菌腈∶苯醚甲环唑1∶3,咯菌腈∶氟啶胺1∶3,啶酰菌胺∶咯菌腈5∶1,啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑3∶1具有增效作用,SR值范围为1.5~4.05,其中以复配剂啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5增效作用最好,其SR值为4.05;其余不同配比的各组合复配剂具有相加作用,其SR值范围为0.5~1.46。表明咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑4种不同作用机制的杀菌剂可以交替或复配使用,以阻止或延缓灰霉病菌抗药性的进一步加剧,为灰霉病的综合防控和抗药性治理提供理论依据。