Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

养殖美国红鱼鱼肉中挥发性成分的研究

通过固相微萃取和气质联用仪对养殖美国红鱼鱼肉中的挥发性成分进行萃取和分离鉴定,初步探明了我国养殖美国红鱼肉的气味组成.从鱼腹部肉和背部肉中分别检测出52种和54种有效挥发性成分(匹配度超过800),相同成分有42种.这些成分包括烃类、醇类、酮类、醛类、酯类和环状化合物,其中含量较高的是醇类、醛类、酮类,在腹部肉和背部肉中分别占挥发性化合物总数的30.47%、38.47%、13.14%和27.87%、41.54%、14.43%.美国红鱼的特征香气以青草味、脂香和瓜果类等香气为主,同时具有难闻的腥臭味;己醛和1-戊烯-3-醇对美国红鱼腥味的形成贡献最大,环境及其他挥发性风味组分的协同或累加作用对腥味的形成也有一定影响;与背肉相比,腹肉腥味明显(F0.01);1-辛烯-3-醇、4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛等物质与美国红鱼特征风味的形成密切相关.     

Nitrate removal efficiency and bacterial community of polycaprolactone-packed bioreactors treating water from a recirculating aquaculture system

A denitrification reactor packed with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a carbon source and biofilm carrier was developed to remove nitrate nitrogen (\( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \)) from the water of a recirculating aquaculture system for 115 days. The hydraulic retention time was set to 6 h, and the water flow rate was 0.95 L h^?1. The removal rates of \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) ranged from 34.67 to 155.7 g \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) m^?3 day^?1 when the effluent \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) concentrations ranged between 1.62 and 72.25 mg L^?1. No obvious changes in the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the PCL before and after use were observed. Bacterial community structure in the biofilm of the PCL granules was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were predominant in the biofilm, with relative abundances of 63.9 and 27.4%, respectively. Three genera, Acidovorax, Azospira, and Diaphorobacter, were capable of both denitrification and PCL degradation. This study indicates that PCL-packed reactors may be used and optimized for removing nitrate from aquaculture effluents.     

福尔马林对鳜鱼苗种车轮虫、斜管虫病的防治研究

福尔马林对车轮虫、斜管虫有极强的杀灭能力,对鳜鱼苗种的安全浓度为2.04ppm.在网箱、孵化缸中的泼洒浓度为150～200ppm,池塘中为20ppm.试验结果表明:福尔马林对鳜鱼苗种车轮虫、斜管虫病的治疗效果好于硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁合剂及硫酸铜。     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.     

淡水鱼类暴发性流行病的探讨

本文对该病的病原、流行情况、发病原因、症状分别进行分析，并通过分析提出合理的预防和治疗措施。     

大连海区皱纹盘鲍生殖周期的研究

本文对大连海区皱纹盘鲍性腺指数的季节变化及生殖周期进行了初步研究。对精巢和卵巢的发育过程分别从组织学作了分期。对各发育时期的基本特征作了较详细描述。并且讨论了准确掌握鲍的繁殖期应注意的有关问题等。     

网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落组成及影响因素分析

为了评价网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,于2016年10月份对刘家峡水库6个生态位点进行水样采集,采用高通量测序技术分析了浮游细菌群落特征。结果表明,刘家峡水库浮游细菌主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻门、拟杆菌门等11个门,ACK-M1-norank、聚球藻属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、红球菌属、β变形菌属和Pelagibacteraceae-uncultured等73个属组成,浮游细菌丰度和多样性指数由水库上游至下游依次降低,网箱养殖活动使附近水体的理化性质发生变化,并导致浮游细菌多样性降低。聚球藻属、黄杆菌属、放线菌属、Limnohabitans属和不动杆菌属的种类相对丰度受网箱养殖活动影响敏感。冗余分析表明NO-3-N、TP和TN是影响刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构的主要水环境因子,共同解释了55.11%的群落变异。     

温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响

本文研究了温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响。结果表明,温度变化对斑点鳟鲑20日龄仔鱼存活与生长有明显的影响,20日龄仔鱼在水温10～26℃范围内均能存活、生长。最适水温为14～22℃,在适温范围内幼鱼具有较高的存活率和生长率,温度过高或过低均对其生长发育有抑制作用,在(18±0.5)℃时生长率达到峰值,为0.93mm/d。