Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Multimarker and rare variants genomewide association studies for bone weight in Simmental cattle

Bone weight, defined as the total weight of the bones in all the forequarter and hindquarter joints, can reflect somebody conformation traits and skeletal diseases. To gain a better understanding of the genetic determinants of bone weight, we used a composite strategy including multimarker and rare‐marker association to perform genomewide association studies (GWAS) for that character in Simmental cattle. Our strategy consisted of three models: (i) A traditional linear mixed model (LMM) was applied (Q+K‐LMM); (ii) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p‐values less than .05 from the LMM were selected to undergo the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (Lasso) in the second stage (LMM‐Lasso); (iii) genes containing two or more rare SNPs were examined by performing the sequence kernel association test (gene‐based SKAT). A total of 1,225 cattle were genotyped with an Illumina BovineHD BeadChip containing 770,000 SNPs. After the quality‐control procedures, 1,217 individuals with 608,696 common SNPs and 105,787 rare SNPs (with 0.001 < minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.05) remained in the sample for analysis. A traditional LMM successfully mapped three genes associated with bone weight, while LMM‐Lasso identified nine genes, which included all genes found by traditional LMM. Only a single gene, EPHB3, surpassed the significance threshold after Bonferroni correction in gene‐based SKAT. In conclusion, based on functional annotation and results from previous endeavours, we believe that LCORL, RIMS2, LAP3, PRKAR2B, CHSY1, MAP2K6 and EPHB3 are candidate genes for bone weight. In general, such a comprehensive strategy for GWAS may be useful for researchers seeking to probe the full genetic architecture underlying economic traits in livestock.     

温度和水分对赖草种子萌发的影响

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)试剂室内模拟不同干旱(0、-0.10、-0.20、-0.40、-0.80、-1.60 MPa)和温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)环境条件,对西藏班戈县野生型赖草(Leymus secalinus)种子萌发特性进行研究。结果表明,赖草种子在恒温10~30℃和变温10~30℃均能萌发.恒温25℃处理下,种子萌发达到了最佳响应;恒温15℃和变温20/30℃处理对赖草种子发芽率具有显著影响(P0.05),而恒温10和30℃对赖草种子发芽率具有极显著影响(P0.05);随着PEG渗透势的增加,赖草种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和胚芽长均出现了不同程度的下降现象,而胚根则表现为先升后降的变化现象。25℃和蒸馏水处理下,野生赖草种子萌发效果最佳;而在25℃和-0.10~0 MPa渗透势处理下,赖草种子胚根优于胚芽生长。     

慈竹生长过程纤维素、木质素及灰分动态积累

以当年生不同生长高度的慈竹为研究对象,探讨慈竹生长过程中纤维素、木质素和灰分含量的积累规律。结果表明:慈竹不同生长高度纤维素含量顶、中部变化趋势均以对数方式增长;基部纤维素含量和茎秆纤维素总含量变化趋势都呈"S型"曲线;各部位木质素含量变化趋势总体呈倒"S型"曲线,且不同高度间的木质素含量的差异达显著水平;随着生长高度的增高,茎秆顶部、基部灰分含量以及茎秆灰分总含量总体呈倒"S型"曲线变化,中部灰分含量总体呈"S型"曲线变化。纤维素总含量、木质素总含量的积累分别集中在茎秆高度为150~800、30~800 cm这个生长时期;灰分总量在300~800 cm保持较高的水平。     

连农923菜豆胚培养技术及愈伤组织诱导研究

以连农923菜豆种子为试验材料,探讨不同外植体取材部位对胚培养的效果,并探索不同激素配比及接种方法对连农923菜豆愈伤组织诱导效果的影响。试验结果表明,在菜豆胚培养过程中,完整胚芽、胚根接种法最适合胚培养;愈伤组织诱导的最佳接种方式为胚芽、胚根切段接种法,最佳培养基为MS基本培养基+2 mg/L 2,4-D,pH值5.8。     

基于EEF模型的昆明市生态系统发展状态评价

运用能值分析理论改进的生态足迹模型(EEF),对昆明市2002~2011年能值足迹的动态变化进行分析,并应用GM(1,1)模型,对未来10年人均能值进行预测。结果发现:EEF模型的计算数值明显高于传统模型;昆明市生态系统出现盈余,处于可持续发展状态;在自然环境、经济状况不发生"突变"的前提下,2012~2020年人均能值盈余呈下降趋势且年均递减率为20.57%,尽管生态系统没有赤字,但生态安全面临严峻挑战。本研究对"新昆明"建设及其生态系统的可持续发展将有着重要的启示。     

贵州省农村信息化服务现状实证分析与发展对策

[目的]为深入了解贵州省农村信息化服务现状,以期更科学地探索与设计贵州省农村信息化服务模式,为广大农民提供优质的信息服务.[方法]对贵州省所有地州市典型县份、典型乡（镇）和行政村的农户以进村入户、现场调查、走访、座谈和发放问卷等方式进行实地调查和数据采集,并利用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件对数据进行分析处理.[结果]贵州省农村信息化服务基础设施建设成效显著、信息传播渠道呈立体化发展、信息服务内容丰富.但也存在基础设施运行效率不高、信息传播渠道不够畅通、信息资源质量不高、信息支付意愿不强等问题.[建议]应加大基础设施建设力度、提高基础设施利用率,整合各种信息传播途径、畅通信息服务渠道,加大信息资源建设力度、提高信息内容质量,加强教育力度、提高信息意识,以推动贵州省农村信息化服务快速发展.     

提高辽西北山地植苗造林成活率技术

如何提高人工植苗造林的成活率是辽西北山地困难立地工程造林首先要解决的问题.文章针对辽西北的气候特点、立地条件及现有植被的演替趋势,依据潜在的自然植被演替规律和适地适树原则,阐述了运用科学先进的综合性的林业造林技术措施是提高植苗造林成活率的有效途径.     

Effects of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization in rabbit myocardium

AIM: To study the effect of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in the 3-layer myocardium of isolated rabbit hearts. METHODS: Adult rabbits (n=18, 2.0 ~ 2.5 kg) were used to isolate the hearts for preparing Langendorff perfusion model. The hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups after perfusion with K-H solution for 15 min: the perfusion in control group (C group) continued for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil group (R group) were perfused with 12 μg/L remifentanil K-H solution for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil+aminophylline group (RA group) were given 60-min perfusion of 12 μg/L K-H remifentanil+30 mg/L aminophylline. The HR and 3 layers of myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) in the left ventricular anterior wall were recorded at time points after balanced infusion for 15 min (T₀), and continued perfusion for 15 min (T₁), 30 min (T₂) and 60 min (T₃). The monophasic action potential duration of repolarization at 90% (MAPD₉₀) and the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) were calculated. The early afterdepolarization, delay afterdepolarization and arrhythmia were also observed. RESULTS: In R group, slower HR and prolonger MAPD₉₀ and TDR at T₁~T₃ were observed as compared with those at T₀ (P<0.05). R group showed slower HR and longer MAPD₉₀ and TDR than C group and RA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Remifentanil slows the HR, extends the MAPD₉₀ and increases the TDR, thus being prone to induce reentry. Aminophylline makes HR faster and MAPD₉₀ shorter, thereby reducing the TDR.