农家肥在水稻生产上的肥效利用

于2005-2006年用氮肥模拟农家肥(牛粪)在稻田中的氮素释放,结果表明:1)以设计农家肥在前期释放30%～50%的处理水稻产量为10.751～10.763 t/hm2,高于以农家肥在前期释放70%的处理(10.083 t/hm2),说明,农家肥在前期释放氮素较少,而进入孕穗期后释放较多.2)以用农家肥与无机化学氮,水稻产量为最高,达到11.283 t/hm2,而用农家肥产量为6.757 t/hm2.说明,用农家肥与无机化学氮混合施用可有效提高水稻产量.进一步研究表明:农家肥与氮肥配合施用后,在孕穗期后氮的吸收利用率为最高.     

奶牛临床型乳房炎混合菌药敏试验与临床疗效的相关性分析

选患临床型乳房炎的奶牛20头,无菌采集奶样,分别接种于伊红-美兰培养基、普通营养琼脂、却浦曼琼脂、叠氮钠血琼脂、马铃薯培养基、牛奶琼脂培养基上,进行青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、卡那霉素药物的混合菌药物敏感筛选试验,培养24-72h,根据抑菌圈的直径,判别为不敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感,分析出每个奶样的优选敏感药物;再用每一头奶牛奶样的优选敏感药物进行临床治疗试验,结果该20头奶牛中有19头的临床性乳房炎痊愈,这表明该混合菌药物敏感试验与临床治疗效果的吻合性达95%。     

云南中甸牦牛的遗传多样性研究

中甸牦牛是产于滇西北高原的地方品种,为了从分子水平阐明其种质特性,以对其有效保护提供遗传学依据,本研究利用分布在黄牛15条染色体上的15个微卫星标记对中甸牦牛45个样品进行了群体遗传变异分析.共检测到62个等位基因,每个座位的等位基因数从2到6不等,有效等位基因数在1.8243～4.4800,平均每个座位等位基因数4.1333±0.8338个,有效等位基因数3.3645±0.7474个,群体平均表观杂合度、期望杂合度及平均多态信息含量分别为0.9599±0.0973、0.6852±0.0879和0.6311±0.1057.结果表明,中甸牦牛群体遗传变异丰富.     

基于“3S”技术的延川县森林资源调查数据的动态分析

以延川县为研究对象,1984年<陕西省延川县农业资源调查和农业区划报告集>和2005年森林资源调查数据为基础,运用3S(RS、GIS、GPS)技术分析和评价了该县14个乡镇森林资源的数量、种类及其结构在时间和空间上的动态变化.结果表明:林地面积增加47 173.1 hm2,有林地面积增加了15 100.7 hm2,疏林地面积增加了2 972.8 hm2,未成林造林地面积增加了32 222.4 hm2,宜林地面积减少了4 759.8 hm2,森林覆盖率提高了7.58%.两期资源动态变化总趋势是:林业用地面积增加,非林业用地面积减少,总蓄积量持续增加,森林资源进入良性循环.     

两个小麦甲基结合蛋白基因cDNA全长克隆及其在种子中的表达特性

 【目的】分析小麦甲基结合蛋白基因TaMBD1和TaMBD6的序列特征及其在种子形成和萌发过程中的表达模式,为探讨小麦种子形成及萌发过程中的表观遗传学调控机制积累资料。【方法】利用RACE技术进行cDNA全长克隆,采用生物信息学软件分析克隆基因的编码蛋白特性,并通过半定量RT-PCR分析克隆基因在小麦种子不同发育阶段及萌发过程中的表达模式。【结果】获得了小麦甲基结合蛋白基因TaMBD1和TaMBD6的cDNA全长,可分别编码193和187个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析发现,TaMBD1和TaMBD6均包含有典型的甲基结合域,TaMBD1还包含1个CW型的锌指结构域。三维结构分析显示,TaMBD1和TaMBD6均可形成由β-折叠、α-螺旋及C-端扭曲共同构成的特定夹层结构。表达特性分析表明：TaMBD1在种子发育过程中一直保持有较高水平的稳定表达,而在萌发过程中呈现出有规律的表达动态,即胚中的表达量逐渐增强,胚乳中的表达量却逐渐减弱;TaMBD6在种子发育过程中呈现出先升高后降低的表达趋势,以开花后15 d时表达量最高,但在种子萌发过程中却未检测到其表达。【结论】首次克隆了小麦甲基结合蛋白基因TaMBD1和TaMBD6的cDNA全长,这2个基因的编码蛋白均包含有与DNA互作的典型功能域;通过对这2个基因在种子发育及萌发过程中的表达特性分析表明,TaMBD1在小麦种子的发育及萌发过程中均发挥重要调控功能,而TaMBD6仅与种子发育过程中的基因表达调控有关;研究结果为进一步探讨小麦种子形成和萌发过程的基因表达调控机制提供了重要信息。     

Role of nitric oxide in the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced thoracic aortic hyporeactivity by cholecystokinin in vitro

AIM:To investigate the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) on the L-arginine-nitric oxide(NO) pathway in rabbit thoracic aortae treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS:The isolated thoracic aortic rings(TARs) from rabbits were incubated with LPS, LPS+CCK or vehicle for 14 h. Then the contractility to phenylephrine(PE) by TARs and the response to L-arginine(L-Arg) by pre-contractile TARs were measured. In addition, we added NO synthase(NOS) inhibitors aminoguanidine(AG)and N^ω-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) into organ baths to observe the changes of vascular contractility to PE. NOS activity in isolated TARs were also detected. RESULTS:Incubation of TARs with LPS for 14 h resulted in an increase of NOS activity and a reduction of contractility to PE. Treatment with CCK-8 significantly inhibited the increased NOS activity in thoracic aortae and improved the hypocontractility of TARs to the same degree as AG.CONCLUSION:CCK-8 may improve the hypocontractility of TARs induced by LPS by inhibiting the activity of NOS.     

Cholecystokinin and lung

Recent studies show that cholecystokinin, a brain-gut peptide, also locates in lung tissues in many animals. Cholecystokinin in lung tissues participates in the modulation of the tone of the tracheae and the pulmonary vessels.It also regulates the breathing pattern as a nerve transmitter in the respiratory center. This paper discusses the location and the biological role of cholecystokinin in lung tissues and focuses on its part during lung diseases.     

α(3-莰-2′-基脲基)苄基膦酸酯的合成及生物活性

通过莰-2-基脲与芳香醛缩合制得中间体亚胺后再与仲亚磷酸酯反应得一系列标题化合物 A 或由莰-2-基脲、芳香醛和仲亚磷酸酯一锅反应得到 A 。中间体亚胺与标题化合物的化学结构经IR、1H NMR、31P NMR、MS及元素分析确证。生物测定结果表明所合成的化合物 A 对水稻发芽表现较好的调节活性。     

Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 mediates expression of MCP-1 induced by ox-LDL in cultured human vascular endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) on the expression of MCP-1 in the cultured human unbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs was incubated with ox-LDL, or preincubated with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid. LOX-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Incubation of HUVECs with ox-LDL (from 0-100 mg/L) for 24 h markedly increased the expression of LOX-1 and MCP-1 (mRNA and protien) in a concentration-dependent fashion. Preincubation of HUVECs with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid, the chemical inhibitors of LOX-1, for 2 h, ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of LOX-1 and MCP-1 was suppressed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ox-LDL upregulates MCP-1 and its own endothelial receptor, and ox-LDL-induced MCP-1 is mediated by the action of LOX-1. LOX-1 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.     

Effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on cerebral cortex injury during endotoxic shock

AIM: To study the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on cerebral cortex injury during endotoxic shock (ES) and its mechanisms. METHODS: Rabbits were injected intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 8 mg/kg) to establish ES model. Rabbits (n=32, 8 in each group) were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments intravenously: normal saline (as control), LPS, CCK-8 pretreatment 30 min before LPS, proglumide (Pro, nonspecific antagonist of CCK receptors) pretreatment 30 min before LPS. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. The morphologic changes in cerebral cortex were observed through light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The alterations of activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral cortex were assayed. The expressions of protein of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were detected by immunohistochemistry staining in cerebral cortex in 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=12, 3 in each group) which were grouped as that of the rabbits. RESULTS: LPS administration resulted in lower MAP than that in control group (P<0.01). Hydropic degeneration of neurons and severe injuries to capillaries were observed in cerebral cortex of ES rabbits. LPS administration induced the expression of iNOS protein in the cytoplasm of neurocytes, and lead to stronger positive signals of nNOS than that in control group. NOS activity, NO2ˉ/NO3ˉ level and MDA content were higher (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01), while SOD activity was lower in cerebral cortex of ES rabbits than those in control group (P<0.01). CCK-8 pre-administration alleviated the changes induced by LPS, while Pro pre-administration aggravated those alterations. CONCLUSION: CCK-8 protects brain tissues against the injury induced by LPS, which may be associated with its effects of suppressing the overproduction of NO and free radicals.