深圳茅洲河下游沉积物中多环芳烃来源分析与生态风险

为研究茅洲河沉积物中多环芳烃的来源与生态风险,于2016年8月采集茅洲河柱状沉积物9根,使用GC-MS分析了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)。结果表明,沉积物中ΣPAHs范围为:453.7～998.1 ng·g-1,平均含量为708.3 ng·g-1,呈入海口与上游浓度较高、中下游浓度相对较低的分布特征。0～0.5 m层、0.5～1.0 m层和1.0～1.5 m层16种多环芳烃浓度分别为(855.4±81.3)、(739.7±70.3)ng·g-1和(570.3±54.2)ng·g-1。多环芳烃环数呈4环5环6环3环2环变化趋势。茅洲河0～0.5 m沉积物中多环芳烃主要来自于草、木和煤等燃烧源的不完全燃烧,0.5～1.0 m层主要来源于不完全燃烧和混合来源,1.0～1.5 m层主要来源于混合源,其次为燃烧源,且出现了石油源。研究区内沉积物中苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)、苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF)、茚并(1,2,3～cd)芘(IcdP)和苯并(g,h,i)芘(BghiP)在各点位均有检出,因而可能会对生物产生毒害作用,其余组分在各采样点的含量均低于有效应区间低值(ERL),对生物几乎无毒副作用或毒副作用不明显,生物有害效应概率10%。     

十字花科蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查与分析

1996～1997年在深圳对黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查的结果表明 :该虫在一年中有两个发生高峰 ,即春季高峰和秋季高峰。秋季发生高峰的虫口数量是春季的2.4～2.5倍。旬降雨量 (X₁)、旬平均气温 (X₂)与黄曲条跳甲种群数量 (Y)之间的关系用数学方程式表达 :Y=27.1537-0.004 128X₁+0.004727X₂。黄曲条跳甲在一季菜生长期内的发生动态与寄主植物生长发育期密切相关。本文还讨论了黄曲条跳甲在不同寄主植物上的种群动态     

氧气对低地鸡蛋胚胎死亡和孵化率的影响

通过模拟常压低氧和高海拔增氧孵化试验，研究了氧气浓度对低地良种鸡蛋胚胎死亡率和孵化率的影响。死亡胚胎的分布用2阶段增长模型分析。模拟2900m海拔常压低氧孵化增加了胚胎后期死亡率，使孵化率降低到接近2900m海拔实际孵化率水平；2900m海拔全期增氧孵化可以有效降低前期和后期胚胎死亡率，大大提高孵化率；阶段增氧孵化也能不同程度提高孵化率，改变胚胎死亡分布，其中效果最好的为前期增氧组。结果说明低氧是影响2900m海拔鸡蛋孵化的最主要因素。     

Effect of diet with high fats and cholesterol on PPARα gene expression and body cholesterol level in mice

AIM:To investigate the effects of dietary fats and cholesterol on liver PPARα gene expression and body cholesterol (Chol) level in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS:The animals (n=75) were randomly divided into five groups and respectively received formula mash for 6 weeks. RESULTS:As compared to Chol diet, Chol+PUFA diet produced significantly higher liver cholesterol (P<0.01), serum total cholesterol (TC), focusing on HDL-C. While Chol+MUFA diet resulted in unchanged serum TC and lower liver cholesterol (P<0.01). Chol+SFA diet rsulted in higher liver cholesterol (P<0.01) and serum TC, focusing on LDL-C. Furthermore, Chol+PUFA diet increased the mRNA and protein content of PPARα (P<0.01) in liver, while Chol+MUFA and Chol+SFA diets decreased the mRNA content of PPARα significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:These results indicated that addition of fats containing PUFA to diet high in cholesterol increased PPARα mRNA and protein expression, addition of fats containing MUFA or SFA to diet high in cholesterol decreased PPARα mRNA expression. The change of PPARα gene expression may further affect body cholesterol level.     

Effects of immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition on nutritional status,immunity and inflammatory responses in postoperative patients with portal hypertension surgery

AIM:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of postoperative immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition on the nutritional statue,immune function,and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective,randomized and controlled clinical trial. Forty-two patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery were randomly assigned to receive either an immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition(adding glutamine and recombinant human growth hormone,n=22) or an isocaloric and isonitrogenous control standard parenteral nutrition(n=20) for seven days. Parenteral nutrition was initiated 3 days after surgery. Blood samples were obtained on day 0,3,and 10. Host nutritional statue was evaluated by measuring levels of prealbumin and transferrin,immunity was observed by measuring levels of CD4+ cells,CD8+ cells,CD4+/CD8+,IgG,IgM and IgA,and the inflammatory responses was determined by assessing IL-2,TNF-α and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels. RESULTS:On postoperative day 10,among patients receiving an immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition,prealbumin,transferrin,CD4+ cells,CD4+/CD8+,IgG and IL-2 levels were significantly higher than those in control group,and TNF-α and CRP concentrations were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. CONCLUSION:Postoperative administration of immune-enhancing parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing portal hypertension surgery can improve postoperative nutritional statue and immune function,and relieve inflammatory response.     

麻花头属植物化学成分研究进展

麻花头属植物所含化学成分以植物蜕皮甾体类为主,另外也有类黄酮、倍半萜等其他类型的化合物.该属植物的药理作用广泛,主要表现在抗炎、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、降低胆固醇等方面.作者综述近50年来国内外对于麻花头属植物化学成分和相关生物活性的研究成果,并对其中的植物蜕皮甾体类成分的结构进行总结,另对该属植物的研究开发前景进行了讨论,以期推动对该属植物资源的进一步研究与开发利用.     

思茅松松香歧化反应活性

通过对思茅松松香理化指标和成分进行分析,与马尾松松香对比,探讨其岐化反应活性。结果表明,思茅松松香异海松酸含量为3.57%,高于马尾松松香;歧化反应后产品质量达到LY/T 1357-2008标准的要求,不同厂家生产的思茅松松香歧化的效果差异较大,脱氢枞酸含量在52.4%~73.5%。     

思茅松良种利用方法的探讨

思茅松良种利用,根本是对思茅松优良性状资源的利用。思茅松资源收集是进行性状改良的前提;通过有性改良可获得优良性状;无性是对优良性状的直接利用。比较各类无性繁殖方法,目前,思茅松良种利用最有效的方式是通过嫁接方式建立采穗圃,生产幼化穗条,扦插利用。     

南京典型利用方式土壤中球囊霉素含量及剖面分布特征

采用Brad-ford染色法研究了南京市5种典型利用方式土壤不同土层中(0~10、10~20、20~40 cm)球囊霉素的含量。结果表明:土壤中总球囊霉素含量为1.96~3.12 mg/g,占土壤有机碳的12.5%~29.0%,所占比例随土壤有机碳含量的增加而降低。林地和草地土壤中球囊霉素和有机碳的含量均高于3种耕作土壤(水稻田、茶园土和菜园土)。随着土层深度(0~40 cm)的增加,5种不同利用方式土壤中总球囊霉素和有机碳的含量均减小;与其他土层相比,0~10 cm土层总球囊霉素和有机碳含量均最大。耕作土壤中易提取球囊霉素更易于向总球囊霉素转化。发现5种土地利用方式下土壤中总球囊霉素含量与土壤有机碳含量极显著正相关,与土壤p H显著负相关;易提取球囊霉素与土壤有机碳含量极显著负相关。总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素可作为评价土壤丛枝菌根真菌活性和土壤质量的重要指标。