基于dsPIC30F5015的苗盘自动输送机构控制系统

针对目前移栽机中苗盘输送机构定位精度低、冲击大、调整不便、智能化程度低等问题,设计了一种基于ds PIC30F5015和Lab VIEW的苗盘自动输送机构控制系统。采用伺服电机作为动力源,并用光电编码器采集伺服电机转速,设计了以高性能微控制器ds PIC30F5015为核心的硬件系统。采用模块化程序设计思想,在MAPLAB IDE开发环境下,开发了下位机软件;采用Lab VIEW平台开发了上位机控制软件。在苗盘自动输送试验台上进行了位置控制性能试验,结果表明:苗盘定位误差小于0. 32mm,相对误差小于0. 5%。该系统运行稳定,响应速度快,控制精度高,能够满足苗盘自动输送和精确定位的实际需求。     

不同播期和灌水条件下冬小麦生物量变化与产量模拟

为了阐明播期和灌水对冬小麦生物量积累动态特征的影响并实现不同播期与灌水条件下的产量模拟,在吴桥实验站2年（2017—2019年）播期水分大田试验基础上,结合2011—2017年播期水分文献资料,采用“小麦钟”模型发育指数来定量模拟冬小麦的发育期,以Logistic模型定量模拟不同播期和水分处理对地上部生物量积累动态的影响,并建立冬小麦生物量模型,进而构建冬小麦产量模型。结果表明,播期通过影响冬小麦生长旺盛期来影响生物量积累;播期推迟,冬小麦生长旺盛期缩短而使生物量减小。不同水分处理造成的地上部最大生物量的差异主要由生物量的最大积累速率决定,生物量最大积累速率随灌水量的增大呈先增加后下降趋势。基于冬前积温和生长季供水量建立冬小麦生物量与产量模型,冬小麦地上部生物量实测值和模拟值的均方根误差（RMSE）和归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）分别为1980.2kg/hm2和15.7%,产量实测值和模拟值的RMSE和NRMSE分别为839.7kg/hm2和10.6%。基于发育指数的Logistic模型能较好地模拟冬小麦的生物量积累,对不同播期与灌水条件下的产量具有较好的预测效果。足墒播种条件下,冬小麦适宜冬前积温为200~600℃·d,生长季适宜供水量为200~450mm。该研究为华北地区合理调控播期灌水措施提供了科学依据,为不同播期与灌水条件下冬小麦产量预测提供了思路。     

Inconel 718合金的磁性复合流体抛光工艺

针对Inconel 718合金材料加工中不断提高的表面质量需求,研究了采用磁性复合流体(Magneticcompound fluid)抛光Inconel718合金材料的加工工艺.根据磁性复合流体抛光原理搭建Inconel718合金抛光实验平台,进行不同抛光方向、抛光时间、抛光转速等工艺参数下的Inconel718合金抛...     

小麦秸秆压缩弯曲特性试验研究

为给秸秆圆捆打捆装置和其它打捆机构提供相应的力学参数和理论基础,根据麦茎秆的几何尺寸,并利用万能试验机控制夹具加载速度对不同含水率的麦秸秆进行弯曲、轴向压缩和径向压缩等力学特性试验,得出载荷-位移等曲线,并获得相关力学参数数据。利用Origin将数据直观地反映出来,再用MatLab对试验数据进行拟合,得出拟合方程。试验结果表明:麦秸秆压缩所需要的力大于弯曲所需的力;含水率和夹具加载速度在一定范围内时,无论是在麦秸秆的弯曲试验还是压缩试验中,载荷峰值的大小与加载速度和含水率都有关,因此在设计打捆压缩成型机构时需考虑含水率与其关键机构工作转速对打捆装置的影响。     

棉籽制油蒸炒工艺的自动控制与研究

介绍一种棉籽制油自动控制系统以及用于制油工艺中的检测和控制方法。在加工过程中，它可以自动调节给水量和蒸炒温度这两个重要参数，使棉籽饼内的残油率有明显降低，同时节能效果也很显著。     

Using shallow saline groundwater for irrigation and regulating for soil salt-water regime

Drought and fresh water shortage are the main limiting factorsfor sustainable development of agriculture in North China Plain.Using saline water for irrigation plays important role forovercoming the constraints and increasing crops yields. Theexploitation and utilization of shallow saline groundwaterenables to regulate the groundwater depth and to promote thetransform of precipitation into available water resources.Thispaper reviews the research and practice on the utilization ofshallow saline groundwater in the part east of South GreatCanal in Haihe River Plain. Findings are presented on the useof saline water, cycling and blending of saline and fresh waterfor irrigation, indexing of crops salt tolerances, regulating forsoil salt-water regime, saline-alkali land reclamation andgroundwater quality freshening. These approaches help therational regulation and utilization of the local water resourcesfor comprehensive control of drought, waterlogging and salinity.     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

Cybrid/hybrid plants regenerated from somatic fusions between male sterile Satsuma mandarin and seedy tangelos

Somatic hybridization provides an alternative for transferring mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Herein, symmetric protoplast electrofusion was conducted between embryogenic callus protoplasts of Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a CMS cultivar, and mesophyll-derived protoplasts of seedy ‘Page’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)] or ‘Nova’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)], to transfer CMS trait. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 14 plants recovered from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo that displayed typical morphological character of ‘Page’ were diploid, and 6 plants regenerated from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were tetraploid. Genetic compositions of regenerated plants from the two fusions were determined by SSR, CAPS and chloroplast-SSR analysis. Cybrid nature of diploids from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo with nuclear DNA from ‘Page’, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the G1 and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) derived from either parent was confirmed. Tetraploid plants from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were identified as somatic hybrids with random cpDNA inheritance. The regenerated cybrid and hybrid plants hold great potential for Citrus seedless breeding at diploid or triploid levels.     

茶树新品种‘佛香3号’

 ‘佛香3号’是利用‘福鼎大白茶’ ( ♀) ב长叶白毫’ ( ♂) 人工授粉杂交, 从F1 中单株选育而成, 为高香、优质、高产、抗逆性强, 适制绿茶的新品种。绿茶外形满披银毫, 香气高长, 滋味鲜醇, 叶底黄绿明亮; 优质干茶产量2 371.2 kg·hm^-2, 适宜在云南大叶茶区推广种植。