茶多酚在饲料生产中的应用

阐述了茶多酚的抗氧化机理,综述了茶多酚抗氧化作用在饲料生产中的实际应用效果,为其在饲料生产中的进一步研究提供参考。     

伊维菌素微乳制剂的过敏性研究

本试验旨在观察伊维菌素微乳制剂对动物的过敏性反应。以《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》为指导,选用豚鼠及Wistar大鼠为试验动物,采用全身主动过敏试验和被动皮肤过敏试验观察伊维菌素微乳制剂对动物的致敏作用。结果显示伊维菌素微乳制剂对豚鼠和Wistar大鼠的过敏性反应均为阴性。本试验为伊维菌素微乳制剂的安全性评价提供了试验依据。     

冷应激对新疆阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶mRNA表达的影响

为研究冷应激对阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达的影响,试验分别采集冷应激前与冷应激后阿勒泰羊6个部位的组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组织中LPL mRNA的表达水平,分析其在不同部位中表达的变化.结果显示,阿勒泰羊LPL mRNA表达量在冷应激后显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),其中颈部肌间脂肪和尾部脂肪冷应激后表达量最高.表明阿勒泰羊在低温下脂肪组织的动员能力较强,使机体产热增加,以抵抗冷应激.     

麦洼牦牛全泌乳期乳中矿物质元素变化规律研究

为阐明牦牛乳中矿物质元素含量在全泌乳期的变化规律,试验采集了四川省龙日种畜场麦洼牦牛产犊当天到180 d（即0～180 d）内共12个时间点的乳样。采用微波消解法处理乳样,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定牦牛乳中14种矿物质元素,分别为4种大量元素（钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、磷（P））和10种微量元素（硼（B）、钡（Ba）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、钼（Mo）、镍（Ni）、钛（Ti）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn））,并以牦牛产犊后30 d采集的乳样数据为基准进行统计分析。结果显示,麦洼牦牛初乳中K、Ca、Mg、P 4种大量元素含量较高。与30 d的常乳含量相比,K的含量在0 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在120 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Ca的含量在5 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mg的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;P的含量变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在0～180 d泌乳期内微量元素随泌乳期的变化也较明显,与30 d的常乳含量相比,Ba的含量在0和1 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在2、3、4、5和180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mo、Ni、Zn的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量随泌乳期变化差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。综上所述,牦牛乳中K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Mo、Ni、Zn的含量随泌乳期的变化差异显著（P<0.05）,P、B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量变化不显著（P>0.05）;整体上看,K、Mg、P、Ba、Zn的含量变化呈先降低后增加的趋势,而Ca的含量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。     

添加纤维素酶或甲酸对青贮菠萝茎叶饲用品质的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同浓度的纤维素酶或甲酸青贮菠萝茎叶后对其饲用品质的影响。以菠萝茎叶作为研究材料,青贮处理方式分别为直接青贮（对照组）及添加0.1 g/kg纤维素酶、0.2 g/kg纤维素酶和3.0 g/kg甲酸、6.0 g/kg甲酸青贮,青贮45 d后进行营养成分、养分的瘤胃降解分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,2个纤维素酶处理组显著提高了单宁含量（P＜0.05）,其他成分含量均没有显著变化（P＞0.05）;3.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著降低了氨态氮（NH₃-N）、钙和磷含量（P＜0.05）,显著提高了可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量（P＜0.05）;6.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著提高了干物质（DM）、可溶性碳水化合物含量（P＜0.05）,显著降低了粗蛋白质（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、氨态氮、钙和磷含量（P＜0.05）;6.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著提高了72 h内干物质的瘤胃降解率（P＜0.05）,而对72 h粗蛋白质降解率和中性洗涤纤维降解率无显著影响（P＞0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,添加6.0 g/kg甲酸青贮菠萝茎叶效果最好,其次为直接青贮组。     

中药常山中常山碱超声提取工艺研究

采用稀盐酸溶剂和超声提取的组合方法从中药常山中分离常山碱,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定常山碱含量;以浸膏重量和常山碱含量作为评价指标,应用正交设计法考察提取温度、料液比和提取时间三个因素对常山碱提取率的影响。结果表明,常山碱超声提取最佳工艺：提取温度50℃,料液比1"5,提取时间1 h;在此条件下,浸膏重量为0．513 g,其中常山碱含量为0．453％,同比常山饮片中常山碱含量提高了40倍以上;三个因素对常山碱提取率的影响：提取温度＞料液比＞提取时间。说明常山碱采用超声提取工艺切实可行,具有省时、操作简便和提取率高等优点。     

猪源大肠埃希菌氯霉素类抗生素主要耐药基因的检测与分析

为查明辽宁地区猪源大肠埃希菌氯霉素类耐药菌株主要耐药基因的流行及分布情况,为猪大肠埃希菌病的防控提供科学依据,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对25株氯霉素类耐药菌株进行cat1、cmlA基因检测,并对cat1和cmlA基因进行序列分析。通过对耐药基因的检测发现,cat1、cmlA基因的检出率分别为32%和84%,8株同时检出cat1和cmlA基因。因此,在辽宁地区cmlA基因在猪源大肠埃希菌耐药菌株中普遍存在,cmlA介导的泵出机制是辽宁地区氯霉素类抗生素产生耐药性的主要原因;其次为cat1基因,与氯霉素乙酰转移酶的灭活有关。     

酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及鸡蛋卫生指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母培养物(YC)对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及鸡蛋卫生指标的影响。选取2 304只210日龄的罗曼褐产蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复192只产蛋鸡。对照组(YC0组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%酵母培养物的试验饲粮。试验期9周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,YC0.4组和YC0.6组平均蛋重显著增加(P0.05),破蛋率显著降低(P0.05);YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组软蛋率显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,YC0.4组和YC0.6组蛋壳厚度显著增大(P0.05);YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组蛋黄颜色的亮度值显著降低(P0.05),黄度值显著升高(P0.05);YC0.6组蛋黄颜色的红度值显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验第3、9周,YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组的蛋壳表面大肠菌群数量显著降低(P0.05);试验第3、6周,YC0.4组蛋壳表面细菌总数显著降低(P0.05)。4)对照组组相比,YC0.6组粗蛋白质、能量和干物质表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组盲肠乳酸杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加0.4%和0.6%的酵母培养物能够改善产蛋鸡蛋品质,提高饲料消化率;饲粮添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%酵母培养物均能够改善产蛋鸡的生产性能,减少大肠杆菌的数量,抑制盲肠中沙门氏菌的产生。综合考虑,产蛋鸡饲粮中酵母培养物适宜添加量为0.4%。     

Effects of Castration at 6 Months Old on Growth Performance,Testosterone and Growth Hormone Levels in Blood of Yanbian Cattle

In order to study the effect of castration at 6 months old on growth performance and blood hormones of Yanbian cattle at 6 to 18 months of age, 20 Yanbian cattle that were 6 months old with similar body weight and body size indexes were randomly divided into 2 groups. The cattle in test group was castrated at 6 months old,and that in control group did not do any treatment,and the test period was 12 months. At the 12th of 6,8,10,12,14,16 and 18 months old,the body weight and body size indexes were measured,and the fasting blood sample were collected the day before 12th to detect the serum testosterone and growth hormone. The results showed that the body weight of the test group was lower than that of the control group,and there was a significant difference at 8 months old (P < 0.05). The body height,body length and chest circumference of the test group were lower than that of control group(P>0.05),and the increase of body height of test group was significantly lower than that of control group at the age of 6 to 8 months old (P < 0.05),while that was significant higher than control group at 12 to 14 months old (P < 0.05). The level of serum testosterone in the test group was extremely significantly or significantly lower than that in the control group after castration (P < 0.01;P < 0.05), and the level of serum growth hormone in Yanbian cattle was significantly lower than that in the control group at 8 months old (P < 0.05). In summary,the castration at 6 months old could reduce the growth of body weight,serum testosterone and growth hormone levels of Yanbian cattle,but had little effect on the body size.     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.