超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中的草甘膦及其代谢物残留

本研究首次建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?氨甲基磷酸(AMPA)和N-乙酰AMPA?样品经过0.5%甲酸水提取, 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(C18)净化, 利用水和200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1%氨水)作为流动相梯度洗脱, 在多反应监测模式下定量分析?结果表明, 草甘膦及其代谢物在0.05~1 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.99; 草甘膦及其3个代谢物在柑橘全果和果肉基质中3个加标水平下回收率为 70.5%~109.5%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~10.1%, 定量限为0.05 mg/kg?本方法的前处理样品无需衍生, 简便?快捷?高效?准确可靠, 可用于柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?AMPA和N-乙酰AMPA的定量检测?     

Ecotourist trail-use affects the taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity of mammals in a protected area: lessons for conservation management

Ecotourism, by definition, aims to engage peoples’ interest in wildlife and the environment. The use of tourist roads and trails to access sites within protected areas (PAs) can detrimentally affect the behavior and distribution of species. The way mammals respond to anthropogenic pressures may differ across taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic groups; nevertheless, how ecotourist trail-use affects these different diversity remains under-investigated. Here, we assessed 6 metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for a mammal community in a PA in central China, recording how Trail use (using Trail type as a proxy) and habitat variables affected sightings and signs of mammals across 60 replicate 0.5 km transects. We then examined how Trail use affected the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices of species (>1 kg). Using generalized liner mixed modeling, we identified that more used trail types had a greater adverse effect on all diversity richness indices than did less used trail types. Consequently, tourist pressure was associated with a general tendency to homogenize the site's mammal community. In contrast, the effects of Trail Types on all diversity evenness indices were non-significant. Furthermore, more developed and more heavily used trail types had a greater, significant negative effect on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic richness, whereas these richness indices were unaffected by minor trail types, used less intensively. As a general principle, lower biodiversity indices reduce ecosystem resilience, and so it is vital to better understand these responses to balance public access against biodiversity management in PAs.     

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

青贮玉米蠕形菌的分离鉴定及其致病性分析

本研究为初步明确引起青贮玉米(Zea Mays L.)叶斑病的蠕形菌种类,采集疑似病斑叶片样本,对病原菌进行分离纯化,形态特征观察,ITS-rDNA序列和GADPH基因序列系统发育分析及致病性测定。形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果表明分离得到的142株病原菌为3属6种真菌,其中麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)和玉米生平脐蠕孢(B.zeicola)为优势病原菌,分别为77株和48株;其次为大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)9株,疣状弯孢(Curvularia verruculosa)2株,新月弯孢(C.lunata)3株,穗状弯孢(C.spicifera)3株。致病性测定发现麦根腐平脐蠕孢和玉米生平脐蠕孢对青海省8个主栽青贮玉米品种均有致病性,其余4种病原菌的致病性各有差异。本研究初步明确引起青贮玉米叶斑病的蠕形菌种类及其致病性,为后续开展病害诊断及其综合防控奠定了基础。     

谷物及种子的力学--流变学特性的研究进展

近年来，国内外广泛开展了固体农业物料力学流变学特性的研究。为此，概述了国内外谷物及种子的力学流变学特性方而的研究及进展情况，同时介绍了这一特性在农业工程中的应用。     

弱光条件下桃光合作用的动态变化及品种差异分析

就日光温室桃树光合生理进行了详尽的研究,结果表明:1d中叶温与气温以14:00时较高。遮阴明显地降低了到达叶片表面的有效光合辐射、叶温与气温。桃叶片的光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,峰值大约出现在上午10:00与下午14:00时;不同品种弱光下的光合速率有明显的差异,以NJN较高,其次为五月火与麦香。遮阴降低了桃叶片的光合速率,以NJN光合速率降低的较少,说明NJN能适应设施栽培。气孔阻力与蒸腾速率则随着遮阴程度的增加而增加。桃中位叶的光合速率较幼叶高。     

白菜型油菜DFR基因的克隆与序列分析

By using RACE (rapid amplification ofcDNA ends) based homologous cloning strategy, we have successfully isolated the genomic and full-length cDNA sequences of a gene encoding typical DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) from black-seeded Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.. The gene, designated BcDFR here, is 1 722bp in length and harbors 5 introns with typical splice sites of plant DFR genes. BcDFR cDNA is 1311bp in length with a 1 158bp ORF as well as a 25bp 5‘ UTR and a 128bp 3‘ UTR. The encoded BcDFR protein is 385 aa with a calculated Mw of 42.85kD and a pI value of 5.55. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this gene share extensive homologies to plant DFR genes of wide origins especially high similarities to Cruciferous DFR genes. Sequence analyses such as phylogenetic analysis, conserved domain search and substrate specificity region detection all indicated that BcDFR gene is a quite potentially biofunctional gene. Its cloning enables us to further dissect the possible relatedness between DFR gene and Brassica seed coat color traits and to create transgenic novel yellow-seeded rapeseed germplasm through antisense- or RNAi-suppression of DFR gene expression in black-seeded elite cultivars.     

Respond of Stock Trading Volume to Earning Report

Earning report is a main accounting report that transmits earning information to users. It is the core of financial reports system. Earning information is significant to users' decision making. This paper studies the respond of stock trading volume to earning report and draws the curve of trading volume before and after earning report. This paper further does a regression analysis of accidental earning and abnormal return rate, and draws the relation curve of them on the earning report date to prove stock trading volume does have remarkable respond to earning report. This research is significant to either lessen small investors blindness investment and help them make reasonable forecast to markets and regulate the disclosure of listed companies.     

Analysis on Sustained Release of Protein from Microcapsule Prepared by Alginate

The paper studies a drug deliversy system for protein and find the optimum preparation condition.Cross-linked alginate(Alg) microcapsule was used to prepare microcapsule for protein,using bovine serum album(BSA) as a model drug.Effect of different cations and content of protein on configuration,size and enveloped rate of microcapsule were investigated.It is shown that Ba-Alg microcapsule has steady configuration,homogeneous size and high-enveloped rate.Also electrophoresis of native BSA before microencapsulation and after microencapsulation is measured by(SDS-PAGE),it is found that no significant change is observed BSA integrity.Release of BSA from microcapsule in vitro presents sustained release in some extent,and initial burst effect is significantly obvious.Microenpsulation drug in alginate will be a wishful drug delivery system.     

Application of Attribute Reduct Method in Spatial Load Forecasting

Spatial load forecasting is a process distributing the total forecasted load to all partitioned area, and involving more spatial information and more factor influencing application of the future small area, which need a great deal of memory space and longer operation time. Rough set is new method of data analysis. It need not be provided with any advanced information except data set. But attribute reduct is its main algorithms. Division matrix approach on rough set used to reduce the attribute related to land - use decision in order to remove redundancy attribute and then the rules of small area land - use decision is distilled. The method obtained better effect and enhanced the total load forecasting efficiency.