关于Diophantine方程的一类求解问题

对于正整数a,设δ(a)是a的约数和,证明了Diophantine方程δ(x3)=y2没有正整数解(x,y)适合x=4p,其中p是奇素数.     

两种基于芦苇秸秆还田的改良措施对崇明东滩围垦土壤理化性质和微生物呼吸的影响

在崇明东滩湿地公园设置了3块实验田,研究基于芦苇直接还田(处理Ⅰ)和堆肥后还田(处理Ⅱ)的处理措施对盐碱土壤的改良效应以及对土壤微生物呼吸和植物生长的影响,并通过主成分分析法评价仅考虑传统土壤肥力指标及加和了土壤微生物呼吸和植物生物量等碳收支指标的土壤综合改良效应.结果表明,两种模式都能显著提高土壤的养分.总氮、总磷和总钾均显著高于对照(P＜0.05),有机质较对照分别提高10.8%(P=0.053)和10.9%(P=0.052);地上生物量为对照的344%(P=0.000)和167%(P=0.000),但土壤微生物呼吸仅分别较对照提高14%(P=0.085)和43%(P=0.001).主成分分析结果显示仅考虑传统的土壤肥力指标,对照、处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的综合得分分别为-0.641、0.260、0.381,加和土壤微生物呼吸与植物生物量后综合主成分得分为-1.011、0.644、0.367.这表明按传统评价指标,处理Ⅱ是较好的改良模式,但加和了土壤微生物呼吸与植物固碳量等碳收支指标后,处理Ⅰ得分高于处理Ⅱ,因此这是一种相对低碳化的改良模式.     

转基因抗病棉花品系密度与肥料互作效应研究

在田间试验条件下 ,研究了转基因抗病棉品系 960 9不同密度与不同肥料的互作效应。结果表明 :以N2 62 D1 65处理时叶面积系数变化合理 ,单株干物质积累增加 ,并利于向生殖器官的分配 ,产量高 ;同一施肥水平 ,密度的增产效应为 3 .8%～ 1 9.8% ,同一密度下 ,肥料的增产效应为 5.2 %～ 3 1 .5% ,肥料的增产效应大于密度的增产效应。     

Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilizer inputs and seasonal conditions on organic soil phosphorus cycling under grazed pasture

Soil microbes and phosphatase enzymes play a critical role in organic soil phosphorus (P) cycling. However, how long-term P inputs influence microbial P transformations and phosphatase enzyme activity under grazed pastures remains unclear. We collected top-soil (0–75 mm) from a grazed pasture receiving contrasting P inputs (control, 188 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of single super phosphate [SSP], and 376 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of SSP) for more than 65 years. Olsen P, microbial biomass P, and acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities were measured regularly over a 2-year period. Pasture dry matter and soil chemical properties were also investigated. Results showed that long-term P inputs significantly increased pasture dry matter, total N, and the concentrations of ${\mathrm{NO}}_3^{–}$–N but significantly decreased soil pH and the concentrations of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}$–N. Total C was not affected by P fertilization. Although Olsen P significantly increased with increasing long-term P inputs, microbial biomass P was similar under P fertilized treatments. Long-term P inputs decreased acid phosphatase activity but increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Microbial biomass P was similar across seasons in the control but decreased in spring and autumn while increased in summer and winter under P fertilized treatments. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly affected by season and followed similar seasonal trends being maximum in summer and minimum in winter regardless of P treatment. Correlation and principal component analysis revealed that acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture. In contrast, Olsen P and microbial biomass P were weakly correlated with environmental conditions. The findings of this study highlight the intertwined relationship between organic P cycling and the availability of C and N in soil systems and the need to integrate both soil moisture and temperature in models predicting organic P mineralization, especially in the context of global climate change.