Immunohistochemical Localization of RANK, RANKL and OPG in Healthy and Arthritic Canine Elbow Joints

Objective— To determine if the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB–receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand–osteoprotegerin (RANK–RANKL–OPG) system is active in bone remodeling in dogs and, if so, whether differences in expression of these mediators occur in healthy and arthritic joints.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Sample Population— Fragmented processus coronoidei (n=20) were surgically removed from dogs with elbow arthritis and 5 corresponding healthy samples from dogs euthanatized for reasons other than elbow joint disease.
Methods— Bright-field immunohistochemistry and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in healthy and arthritic joints.
Results— All 3 molecules were identified by immunostaining of canine bone tissue. In elbow dysplasia, the number of RANK-positive osteoclasts was increased. In their vicinity, cells expressing RANKL, a mediator of osteoclast activation, were abundant whereas the number of osteoblasts having the potential to limit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via OPG was few.
Conclusions— The RANK–RANKL–OPG system is active in bone remodeling in dogs. In elbow dysplasia, a surplus of molecules promoting osteoclastogenesis was evident and is indicative of an imbalance between the mediators regulating bone resorption and bone formation. Both OPG and neutralizing antibodies against RANKL have the potential to counterbalance bone resorption.
Clinical Relevance— Therapeutic use of neutralizing antibodies against RANKL to inhibit osteoclast activation warrants further investigation.     

Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Thirty‐Three Horses

Objective— To describe signalment, clinical, and radiographic changes associated with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) and to report long‐term outcome. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Horses (n=33) with CMC‐OA. Methods— Medical records (1992–2007) of horses diagnosed with CMC‐OA were reviewed and signalment, clinical, and radiographic findings retrieved. Owners were contacted for information on the impact of lameness on intended use, response to treatment, progression of lameness, outcome, and owner satisfaction with response to treatment. Results— CMC‐OA identified in 39 limbs, occurred predominantly in middle‐aged and older Quarter Horses and Arabians, and caused severe lameness that prevented normal use. Characteristic swelling was centered over the 2nd metacarpal bone/2nd carpal bone articulation. Radiographic changes consisted of proliferative new bone, narrowed joint space, and subchondral lysis. Of 20 horses with follow‐up, 7 of 14 treated horses were euthanatized within 4 years and 4 of 5 nontreated horses within 3 years. Response to treatment was short lived and considered very poor by most owners. Conclusion— CMC‐OA seemingly occurs primarily in Quarter Horses and Arabians in our region. Response to conservative treatment is very poor and short‐lived with most horses being euthanatized. Clinical Relevance— Conventional treatment methods are unsuccessful for treating CMC‐OA.     

结实阶段不同时期倒伏对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

 The effects  of lodging at different filling stages  on grain yield and rice quality were investigated with  a    two line hybrid rice  Liangyoupeijiu and a  conventional  japonica rice CY 6. The results showed  that except for brown rice rate, ratio of length to width, gelatinization temperature  and gel consistency, almost all indices for yield and rice quality were significantly influenced by lodging and thus   deteriorated. Regression analysis  suggested that,  lodging  of CY 6 and Liangyoupeijiu one day earlier   could  cause 2.71% and   2.66% of yield loss, 1.8  and  2.1 percentage points decrease of seed setting rate, 0.32  and  0.26 g reduction of 1000 grain weight, 0.097  and  0.155 percentage points decrease of milled rice rate, also it increased  chalky grain rate by 0.13  and   0.27 percentage points, and  protein content by  0.021  and   0.024 percentage points, and subsequently lowered the eating quality.     

元谋干热河谷退化生态系统现状及其植被的人工恢复研究进程

元谋干热河谷在云南干热河谷区中最具典型性。在了解元谋干热河谷退化生态系统现状的前提下,从植被物种的选择、植被物种的生理特性研究成果、植被人工恢复技术的研究成果等方面论述了元谋干热河谷退化生态系统植被人工恢复的研究进程。并对元谋干热河谷退化生态系统植被人工恢复的关键技术进行了盘点。     

两种层积处理方式对北美鹅掌楸种子4种内源激素物质含量变化的影响

应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了低温层积和低温裸层积两种种子层积处理方式对北美鹅掌楸种子4种内源激素物质IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA的含量变化情况.研究结果表明,两种种子处理方式均对北美鹅掌楸种子的4种内源激素物质含量变化有影响.经层积处理后,北美鹅掌楸种子中的生长促进物质IAA和GA3含量较未经层积处理的对照种子内源激素含量有显著的提高,而其种子中的萌发抑制物质ABA的含量比未经层积处理的对照降低,特别是其种子中的IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA的比值显著增加.     

西北肉用绵羊新品种陶波滩寒蒙组合生长发育性状的改良效果

以引进的无角陶赛特羊、渡德代及本地滩羊与小尾寒羊及蒙古羊不同杂交组合的后代(杂交一代、杂交二代及杂交三代)为研究对象,采用随机抽样的方法.对已培育出的西北肉用绵羊新品种群的部分杂交组合生长发育性状,在不同月龄通过测定体重体尺指标进行研究.探讨了培育新品种最佳的杂交组合模式.结果表明,杂种三代生长发育速度快于杂种二代.杂种二代生长发育速度优于杂种一代:三种杂交组合改良小尾寒羊及蒙古羊的效果都好,尤其是高代或三元杂交的经济效应更为显著.因此.选择理想型的三代或二代杂种羊进行横交固定培育新品种的技术方案是可行的.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征诊断方法与疫苗研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的一种猪传染性疾病,该病能引起母猪的繁殖障碍和新生仔猪呼吸症状,严重影响养猪业的健康发展,因此对该病的研究具有重要意义。近年来,该病在世界范围内的流行和分布日趋广泛,造成世界养猪业严重经济损失,因此受到国内外学者的高度重视,对该病的研究也日益深入,在疫病的诊断方法及防控机制等方面取得了重要进展。文章就近年来PRRS诊断方法及疫苗的发展两方面进行了综述。     

马铃薯新品种——延薯8号

‘延薯8号’新品种是2002年以‘延薯4号’作母本、‘早大白’作父本,有性杂交获得实生籽,经过各世代鉴定筛选而育成。该品种2009～2010年在吉林省两年区域试验中667 m2平均产量2 356 kg,比对照‘东农303’增产24.80%;鲜薯维生素C含量40.50 mg/100g,淀粉含量13.31%,干物质含量20.72%,还原糖含量0.14%,粗蛋白含量2.65%;抗马铃薯晚疫病。2011年2月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

北方海域云纹石斑鱼的陆海接力高效养殖试验

为了有效突破我国北方海域冬季网箱养殖品种少和产业发展缓慢的局面,通过陆海接力养殖模式,开展了云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)的网箱陆海接力养殖试验。结果显示:在莱州明波网箱基地选用的平均个体重量225 g的大规格云纹石斑鱼鱼苗,经过2个月的网箱接力养殖,个体平均重量达到350 g,平均单尾月增重62.5 g,成活率92.02%;在连云港众利网箱基地选用的个体平均重量152 g大规格云纹石斑鱼,经过4个月的网箱接力养殖,个体平均重量增加到425 g,平均单尾月增重68.25 g,养殖成活率达96.00%。石斑鱼的网箱养殖与工厂化循环水养殖相比,平均月增重速度提高54.6%～68.9%。     

腐植酸复合肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

以腐植酸复合肥作为番茄底肥研究了其对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明：腐植酸复合肥对提高番茄产量和品质都有显著效果。腐植酸复合肥处理对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积和叶绿素值均产生促进作用,但如果含量超过一定范围则会使促进增长效果降低。腐植酸复合肥处理协调了番茄产量构成因素之间的相互关系,改善了番茄后期养分的营养水平,从而增加了番茄产量。腐植酸复合肥可提高可溶性固形物、粗蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖和糖酸比,并能降低硝酸盐含量来提高番茄品质。