高温胁迫对岷江百合幼苗耐热指数和理化特性的影响

为了探明岷江百合幼苗在高温胁迫下的生理反应,以离体扩繁的岷江百合幼苗为研究材料,对其进行了不同高温(37℃/30℃、42℃/37℃)和不同时间(0、4、8、16、32、48 h)处理,研究了高温胁迫对其耐热指数和有关生理生化指标(叶绿素、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性)的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,植株的耐热指数不断下降,叶绿素含量减少,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加;42℃胁迫32 h后,游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性均达到最大值,分别比对照增加了0.66倍、1.77倍和9.78倍.但胁迫48 h后,指标显著下降,这说明,42℃间断胁迫48 h对植株产生了不可逆的的热伤害作用.     

8个大果樱桃品种特性比较及综合评价

[目的]筛选适合青海省规模发展的大果樱桃优良品种。[方法]通过对青海省主栽品种红灯、拉宾斯等品种进行抗性测定,综合各品种抗裂果、抗寒及果实品质,筛选适合青海省规模发展的优良品种。[结果]红灯为适合青海省栽培的早熟品种;拉宾斯、艳阳为适合青海省栽培的中晚熟品种。[结论]该研究可为青海省大果樱桃产业发展奠定理论基础。     

湖羊在西北寒旱地区行为学和生理指标的观测

为了研究西北寒冷干旱气候条件下湖羊的行为和生理指标变化,进而为西北地区湖羊引种提供数据支持和理论依据,本试验选用12只(公、母各半)舍饲周岁湖羊,通过近红外摄像技术研究了不同季节(A因子,A₁夏季,A₂冬季)、性别(B因子,B₁♂,B₂♀)和不同时段(C因子,C₁昼,C₂夜)条件下湖羊的采食、饮水、反刍、卧息等行为。结果表明,季节因子(A因子)对湖羊采食、卧息、反刍等行为均有极显著影响(P<0.01);性别因子(B因子)仅对湖羊采食和卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05);昼夜因子(C因子)对湖羊的卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对其采食和反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。季节和性别的交互作用对湖羊采食行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其余因子间交互作用对湖羊行为学无显著影响。试验羊体温、心跳、呼吸频率和血常规等生理指标均在正常范围内。以上结果说明湖羊在当地表现出了良好的适应性,在西北地区引种湖羊可行。     

氮素水平对芥蓝生长及芥子油苷含量的影响

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同供氮水平对芥蓝生物量及抗癌次生代谢物芥子油苷含量的影响。结果表明,氮素水平从N100 mg/L到常规营养液的 N 200 mg/L范围内,芥蓝地上部、根部及菜苔鲜重均随供N水平的提高而显著增加,但菜苔总芥子油苷含量却随供N水平提高而显著降低;当N素水平提高到N 300~400 mg/L时,芥蓝生物量不再显著增加;而菜苔总芥子油苷含量相对于N 150和200 mg/L处理却显著增加。由于脂肪族和吲哚族芥子油苷分别来源于不同的氨基酸,两者的含量随供N水平的变化趋势不同。脂肪族芥子油苷含量以N 100 mg/L处理最高,是常规供N (200 mg/L)处理的1.2倍,吲哚族芥子油苷以400 mg/L处理最高,是常规供N处理的1.5倍。显然,在常规营养液的供N水平下,可以获得理想的芥蓝生物产量;但适当提高供N水平,在保证高产的同时可显著提高芥蓝菜苔的芥子油苷含量,有利于提高其抗癌品质。     

喀斯特地区烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征

以我国典型的喀斯特地区—贵州省毕节地区为研究区域,利用地统计学和地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的方法对烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征进行研究,皆在为喀斯特地区烟草种植的平衡施肥及生态环境保护提供依据。描述性统计结果表明,研究区烟田土壤各养分指标均属中等程度变异。半方差函数分析表明,研究区烟田土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷变异函数的最适模型是球状模型,全磷和速效钾的最适模型是线性模型,碱解氮、pH和有机质的最适模型为指数模型;速效磷表现为强烈的空间自相关性,主要受结构性因素影响,而全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾、pH和有机质表现为中等空间相关性,受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响。普通克里格插值的土壤养分空间分布图表明,研究区域内烟田土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量分布呈现空间连续分布的特点,而全磷、碱解氮和pH、有机质含量没有明显的分布规律,这主要与喀斯特地区复杂的立地因子和人为影响有关。     

玉树地区农机安全监督管理刍议

文章重点介绍了农机安全生产管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了安全生产管理的对策,为玉树州的农机的安全生产提供技术指导.     

Complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of long-term survival trends in southern elephant seals

Background  

Determining the relative contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to fluctuations in population size, trends and demographic composition is analytically complex. It is often only possible to examine the combined effects of these factors through measurements made over long periods, spanning an array of population densities or levels of food availability. Using age-structured mark-recapture models and datasets spanning five decades (1950–1999), and two periods of differing relative population density, we estimated age-specific probabilities of survival and examined the combined effects of population density and environmental conditions on juvenile survival of southern elephant seals at Macquarie Island.     

Disease properties, geography, and mitigation strategies in a simulation spread of rinderpest across the United States

ABSTRACT: For the past decade, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has been working toward eradicating rinderpest through vaccination and intense surveillance by 2012. Because of the potential severity of a rinderpest epidemic, it is prudent to prepare for an unexpected outbreak in animal populations. There is no immunity to the disease among the livestock or wildlife in the United States (US). If rinderpest were to emerge in the US, the loss in livestock could be devastating. We predict the potential spread of rinderpest using a two-stage model for the spread of a multi-host infectious disease among agricultural animals in the US. The model incorporates large-scale interactions among US counties and the small-scale dynamics of disease spread within a county. The model epidemic was seeded in 16 locations and there was a strong dependence of the overall epidemic size on the starting location. The epidemics were classified according to overall size into small epidemics of 100 to 300 animals (failed epidemics), epidemics infecting 3 000 to 30 000 animals (medium epidemics), and the large epidemics infecting around one million beef cattle. The size of the rinderpest epidemics were directly related to the origin of the disease and whether or not the disease moved into certain key counties in high-livestock-density areas of the US. The epidemic size also depended upon response time and effectiveness of movement controls.     

Resting metabolic rates increase with elevation in a mountain‐dwelling lizard

Individuals that inhabit broad elevational ranges may experience unique environmental challenges. Because temperature decreases with increased elevation, the ectotherms living at high elevations have to manage limited activity time and high thermoregulatory effort. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) of a postabsorptive animal is related to its total energy requirements as well as many other fitness traits. Mesquite lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) living on La Malinche Volcano, Mexico, inhabit a wide elevational range with some populations apparently thriving above the tree line. We measured the RMR of lizards from different elevations (i.e., 2,600, 3,200, and 4,100 m) at four ecologically relevant temperatures (i.e., 15, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and found that RMR of mesquite lizards increased with temperature and body mass. More importantly, lizards from the high‐elevation population had mass specific RMR that was higher at all temperatures. While the higher RMRs of high‐elevation populations imply higher metabolic costs at a given temperature these lizards were also smaller. Both of these traits may allow these high elevation populations to thrive in the face of the thermal challenges imposed by their environment.     

华南乡土树种在松杉林下生长及林下植物多样性研究

研究了11种华南乡土阔叶树种幼树在广东增城市林科所松杉人工林林下的生长表现,结果表明:4种壳斗科植物黎蒴、米锥、甜锥和槟榔青冈在移植后5 a均具有较高的树高和冠幅生长量,可作为人工林改造优良树种;香椿在前期生长表现良好,而移植后45 a生长速度有所下降,反映该树种随着年龄增长,其需光性加强,该树种仅适用于低密度人工林的改造;石笔木生长虽然稍慢,但其耐荫性较强,在林下生长良好,可作为次生林改造树种;樟树、枫香和火力楠等树种在林下生长不良.样方调查结果表明:松杉林下植物以耐荫性和鸟播植物为主.