Selenium speciation and bioavailability in biofortified products using species-unspecific isotope dilution and reverse phase ion pairing-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

In some regions of the world, where the bioavailability of selenium (Se) in soil is low and/or declining (e.g., due to use of high-sulfur fertilizers), there is increased risk of adverse affects on animals and human health. In recent years, increased research attention has focused on understanding the relationships between Se contents in foods and supplements and their nutritional benefits for animal and humans. The objective of this study was to use a species-unspecific isotope dilution and reverse phase ion pairing-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry techniques for the identification and quantification of Se species in biofortified grains (i.e., wheat and triticale), flour, and wheat biscuits. The information on Se species was used to gain an understanding of the bioavailability of Se in biofortified and process-fortified wheat biscuits used in a clinical trail. The major Se species identified in biofortified and process-fortified samples were selenomethionine (76-85%) and selenomethionine selenoxide (51-60%), respectively. Total plasma Se concentrations in the biofortified Se exposure group were found to increase throughout the 6 month trial period (mean=122 microg L(-1) at 0 months to 194 microg L(-1) at 6 months). In contrast, the trial group exposed to process-fortified Se biscuits showed little increase in mean total Se plasma concentrations until 4 months of exposure (mean=122 microg L(-1) at 0 months to 140 microg L(-1) at 4 months) that remained constant until the end of the trial period (mean=140 microg L(-1) at 4 months to 138 microg L(-1) at 6 months). The difference in total Se plasma concentrations may be due to the presence and bioavailability of different Se species in biofortified and process-fortified biscuits. An understanding of Se speciation in foods enables better understanding of pathways and their potential benefits for animals and humans.     

Assay of calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines for calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium by using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry

An inductively coupled plasma spectrometric method is described for the determination of 4 elements (Ca, B, P, and Mg) in calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines. Samples are diluted, acidified, and sprayed directly into the plasma. Reproducibility relative confidence intervals for a single sample assay are +/- 1.4% (calcium), +/- 1.8% (boron), +/- 2.6% (phosphorus), and +/- 1.4% (magnesium). The total element concentrations for each of 4 elements compared favorably with concentrations determined by alternative methods. Formulation estimates of levels of calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium salts can be made from the analytical data.     

云南农业大学信息服务与用户调查研究分析

 通过对云南农业大学的教师、研究生和本科生的信息需求调查,了解到各类用户利用文献信息的状况和对文献信息的需求,为图书馆开展信息服务提供了依据。     

Biorefining of perennial grasses: Development of visible and near infrared tools for assessing fineness of extracted fibre

The biorefining of grass offers an opportunity to integrate primary production agriculture with the extraction of fibre. The study was aimed at developing protocols for processing ryegrass to determine fibre content and to generate visible and near infrared reflectance (Vis-NIR) calibrations for estimating fibre fineness with the aid of a new reference airflow method. The method for determining fineness of processed fibres has been adapted from flax fibre protocols. A Vis-NIR calibration using partial least squares (PLS) regression method was employed to generate models with a calibration set consisting of 85 samples obtained from fresh and ensiled grasses. The PLS model was successfully validated with 21 independent samples with a prediction error of 1.26 dtex. An optimised PLS model (r² = 0.86) consisting of 106 samples has been developed. The quality assurance protocols could be used for assessing fibre content and quality of silage, hay and fresh grass.     

旱稻渗入系拔节期根系性状QTL定位

研究稻作抗旱的根系特征及其遗传机理,在作物育种程序上改良作物根系性状,提高作物抗旱性,为水旱稻杂交选育抗旱高产品种提供理论依据。本研究利用187个SSR标记和1套具有180个家系的旱稻渗入系群体BC3F7构建遗传连锁图,采用单标记分析法,对拔节期根系的6个性状(最长根长、粗根数、总根数、平均最粗根粗、根干重、总干重)进行QTL定位。拔节期检测到QTL共56个,其中影响上述6个性状的QTL数目分别是9、10、3、12、9和13,其总贡献率分别为43%、44%、19%、70%、39%和68%。另外,在检测到的QTL中除与总根数有关的有2个来自毫格劳的等位基因降低性状值以外,其位点毫格劳的等位基因均增加性状值。92.8%的渗入位点对以沈农265为遗传背景的渗入系的根系6个性状有促进作用;定位到的影响不同根系性状的QTL多数成簇排列;在RM1261附近定位到影响3个性状的QTL,推测是一个与根系抗旱性状密切相关的基因区域。     

四种基质对大根报春苣苔叶插繁殖的影响

为探明不同基质对大根报春苣苔(Primulina macrorhiza)叶插繁殖的影响,以大根报春苣苔的全叶片为试验材料,采用正交试验设计,研究泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭4种基质对叶片扦插成活率、子株数、新叶总数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。结果表明,在试验的9个处理中,扦插基质以泥炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石∶稻壳炭为4∶2∶2∶1(体积比)为佳。泥炭对成活率、子株数、新叶总数均有显著影响(P0.05);珍珠岩对成活率、子株数、新叶总数均无显著影响(P0.05);蛭石仅对新叶总数有显著影响(P0.05);稻壳炭仅对子株数有显著影响(P0.05)。正交分析并推理出,以4种成分为扦插基质时,泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石和稻壳炭的最佳配比为2∶1∶1∶1(体积比)。     

Bird habitat preferences drive hemoparasite infection in the Neotropical region

The role that the environment plays in vector-borne parasite infection is one of the central factors for understanding disease dynamics. We assessed how Neotropical bird foraging strata and habitat preferences determine infection by parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and Trypanosoma and filarioids, and tested for phylogenetic signal in these host–parasite associations. We performed extensive searches of the scientific literature and created a database of hemoparasite surveys. We collected data on host body mass, foraging strata, habitat preference, and migratory status, and tested if host ecological traits predict each hemoparasite occurrence and prevalence using a phylogenetic Bayesian framework. Species of Plasmodium tend to infect birds from tropical forests while birds from altitudinal environments are likely to be infected by species of Leucocytozoon. The probability of a bird being infected by filarioid or Trypanosoma is higher in lowland forests. Bird species that occur in anthropic environments and dry habitats of tropical latitudes are more susceptible to infection by species of Haemoproteus. Host foraging strata is also influential and bird species that forage in the mid-high and canopy strata are more prone to infection by species of Haemoproteus and filarioids. We also identified phylogenetic signal for host–parasite associations with the probability of infection of Neotropical birds by any hemoparasite being more similar among more closely related species. We provided a useful framework to identify environments that correlate with hemoparasite infection, which is also helpful for detecting areas with potential suitability for hemoparasite infection due to land conversion and climate change.     

临夏州不同种植区马铃薯播种适期研究

临夏州马铃薯种植区域主要分布在无灌溉条件,年降雨量不足200 mm的干旱山地和年降雨量约600 mm的山二阴地,以及灌溉便利,年降雨量在500 mm左右的川塬区。通过种植区域、播种时间和栽培措施3因素对比试验,以产量、病害损失和经济效益做综合分析对比,得出临夏州春旱较频繁的干旱山地和山二阴地区应适当推迟播期至5月上旬左...