有机氮部分替代无机氮对香料烟产量、产值及品质的影响

为了提高香料烟的产量、产值和品质,采用田间小区试验研究了有机氮部分替代无机氮(取代比例分别为0、25%、50%)对香料烟产值及品质的影响。结果表明,有机氮取代部分无机氮对烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例和化学成分协调程度及矿质营养元素含量有很大的影响。其中,产量、产值和上等烟比例以有机氮取代50%无机氮处理最高,分别达到2 212.00kg/hm2、53 362.00元/hm2和70.22%。有机氮部分取代无机氮对香料烟叶片中化学成分、矿质元素的影响比较复杂,不同部位叶片以及不同化学成分的响应不同,但总体表现为有机氮取代无机氮改善了烤烟化学成分的协调程度,促进了有益矿质元素的积累。总之,对浙江省绍兴香料烟烟区来说,在施氮水平为105kg/hm2情况下,有机氮取代50%的无机氮时香料烟的经济产量、产值和烟叶品质较好。     

半夏SSR分子标记开发与遗传多样性

对半夏转录组数据进行分析,设计开发SSR引物,利用筛选出的SSR引物分析不同居群间半夏的遗传多样性,为半夏分子标记辅助育种提供支撑。结果显示:筛选出的19对多态性较高的引物在17个半夏居群中共检测到49个多态性位点,具有较高的多态性;利用UPGMA作图共将17个半夏居群分为3个类群;通过分子方差分析(AMOVA)发现半夏居群内的变异达到88%,说明群体与群体间的差异相对较小,遗传变异主要来源于个体间;居群间平均分化系数Fst为0.124,居群间基因流Nm值为1.765,表明居群间能正常地进行基因交流,且居群间遗传分化受基因流的影响较大。本研究利用SSR技术开发的19对SSR引物在不同半夏居群间具有一定的通用性、多态性,能将17份半夏材料明确区分。     

The in vitro cytotoxicity of native and modified trichloroacetic acid-extracted antigens from Fusobacterium necrophorum for mouse peritoneal macrophages

A Boivin lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (LPS-P), Westphal LPS (W-LPS), Boivin LPS (B-LPS), and a lipid A-associated protein (LAP) were extracted from Fusobacterium necrophorum bov 5 strain and chemically analyzed for protein, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed hexosamine, and nucleic acid content. Dose and time effects on the in vitro cytotoxicity of these preparations for mouse peritoneal macrophages were determined. Macrophage monolayers were exposed to 2.0 ml of 10, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 μg/ml solutions of the individual preparations for 1, 2, 4, or 6 hr at 37°C, and relative toxicities were determined; B-LPS> LPS-P> LAP, W-LPS. The effects of heat, NaOH, and trypsin and pronase on the native antigens were determined. Heat treatment had no effect on the cytotoxicity of B-LPS, but increased the toxicity of LPS-P and LAP for macrophages. Alkaline treatment decreased the cytotoxicity of B-LPS and increased the toxicity of LPS-P and LAP for macrophages. Enzyme treatment had no effect on LPS-P toxicity. The relationship of lipid A and protein content to toxicity for macrophages is discussed. Lipid A appears to be important in the cytotoxicity of B-LPS, and the protein components of LPS-P and LAP may contribute to their toxic activity. The ability of these bacterial cellular antigens to destroy phagocytic cells may facilitate the establishment of necrotic abscesses in susceptible hosts.     

芥蓝芥子油苷提取条件优化研究

采用正交试验设计,研究了提取温度、提取剂甲醇浓度(V/V)、提取时间和待测物质与提取液比例(简称“物液比”) 对芥蓝菜薹中芥子油苷(总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷和总吲哚族芥子油苷)提取效果的影响。结果表明,物液比和提取温度对总芥子油苷、总脂肪族芥子油苷和总吲哚族芥子油苷提取效果影响显著(P<0.05),而甲醇浓度和提取时间对芥子油苷提取率无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑提取效果和成本,芥蓝中芥子油苷最佳提取条件为75℃,物液比1∶45(g∶mL),甲醇浓度70%,提取时间5 min。在该条件下,总芥子油苷提取量为8.31 μmol/g DW,总脂肪族芥子油苷提取总量为7.58 μmol/g DW,总吲哚族脂肪族芥子油苷提取总量为0.73 μmol/g DW。     

不同处理方法对美国截叶胡枝子种子发芽的影响

截叶胡枝子(Lespedezacunecta)是原产于亚洲东部的一种多年生的豆科植物,在我国南方地区野生分布很广。它具有耐瘠、耐旱、耐酸、耐热、固土能力强、适应性广等特性,在国外也颇受重视。我国于1983年从美国引种,通过对其生物学和生态学特性、经济性状和栽培技术研究证明,引进的美国截叶胡枝子在人工栽培条件下,表现出良好的经济性状,是南方草地改良的希望种子。但是在生产中,由于其硬实的存在,使得种子的发芽率很低,往往造成出苗困难和草地建植缓慢,甚至出现严重缺苗断垄的现象,直接影响田间产量,限制了它的进一步推广应用。试验采用不同处…     

青海不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱研究（摘要）

[目的]为区分不同产地大黄药材的质量及鉴别提供依据。[方法]将供试材料青海玉树掌叶大黄（样品1）、青海海南唐古特大黄（样品2）与青海果洛唐古特大黄（样品3）分别粉碎成粉末,过100目筛,即可供X射线衍射试验用。设定管压30 kV,管流20 mA,2θ扫描范围3°～90°,扫描速度0.06°/s,每种样时间0.5 s,获得3种不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱。试验数据以晶面间距d与特征峰相对强度L/Io表示,记为d/（I/Io）。将试验数据导入中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,经选峰,设定匹配模板,将谱峰自动匹配,然后设定标准模板,进行谱峰差异性评价和整体相似性评价。[结果]样品1中所含的化学成分与样品2相同,但峰的强度（I/Io）不同,表明相同成分在两种样品中的含量不相等。同样把样品3的图谱与其他两个样品进行比较,也会得到相同的衍射峰值。表明不同产区的大黄中各化学成分的含量有差异,但其衍射图谱及衍射峰值具有一定的指纹特征。[结论]X-射线衍射法是鉴别不同产区的大黄及其他中药材的一种快捷有效的方法。     

Evaluation of an actinomycin-D-containing combination chemotherapy protocol with extended maintenance therapy for canine lymphoma

In this retrospective study, a 6-drug (prednisone, L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and actinomycin-D) chemotherapy protocol with extended maintenance for the treatment of lymphoma was evaluated for efficacy and toxicity in 39 dogs. The complete remission rate was 97%, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 331 d. The median overall survival (OS) was 461 d. Of the variables evaluated for prognostic significance, only immunophenotype and sex were found to be prognostic. Dogs with T-cell lymphoma had shorter PFS and OS than dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Castrated male dogs had a shorter PFS and OS than spayed female dogs. Although the majority of dogs experienced one or more episodes of chemotherapy associated toxicity, the majority of these episodes were mild and self-limiting. The results of this study warrant further investigation into the value of extended maintenance therapy and inclusion of actinomycin-D in combination chemotherapy protocols for canine lymphoma.