Thermal Structure of Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere Derived from the Galileo Probe

Temperatures in Jupiter's atmosphere derived from Galileo Probe deceleration data increase from 109 kelvin at the 175-millibar level to 900 ± 40 kelvin at 1 nanobar, consistent with Voyager remote sensing data. Wavelike oscillations are present at all levels. Vertical wavelengths are 10 to 25 kilometers in the deep isothermal layer, which extends from 12 to 0.003 millibars. Above the 0.003-millibar level, only 90- to 270- kilometer vertical wavelengths survive, suggesting dissipation of wave energy as the probable source of upper atmosphere heating.     

四种大黄属高山药用植物蒽醌类成分含量的测定

为比较掌叶大黄、喜马拉雅大黄、菱叶大黄、头序大黄4种高山药用大黄中蒽醌类成分含量的差异,采用紫外分光光度法,以大黄素为对照品,0.5%醋酸镁-甲醇溶液为显色剂,测定了样品溶液在510nm处的吸光度。结果表明,4种大黄中总蒽醌和结合蒽醌的含量为喜马拉雅大黄掌叶大黄菱叶大黄头序大黄,游离蒽醌的含量为喜马拉雅大黄掌叶大黄头序大黄菱叶大黄,与藏药用大黄的等级划分基本一致。     

Gravity Waves in Jupiter's Thermosphere

The Atmosphere Structure Instrument on the Galileo probe detected wavelike temperature fluctuations superimposed on a 700-kelvin temperature increase in Jupiter's thermosphere. These fluctuations are consistent with gravity waves that are viscously damped in the thermosphere. Moreover, heating by these waves can explain the temperature increase measured by the probe. This heating mechanism should be applicable to the thermospheres of the other giant planets and may help solve the long-standing question of the source of their high thermospheric temperatures.     

弱光条件下东方百合的生长发育及光合特性研究

为了探明弱光条件下东方百合的生长发育及光合特性,为我国北方地区东方百合切花的耐弱光品种选育提供依据,以东方百合品种‘Marcopolo’、‘Tiber’、‘Constanta’和‘Acapulco’为试验材料,在整个生长季对其进行不同遮光处理(正常光照、50%遮光、75%遮光),测定不同光强下各品种光合参数及生长发育指标。结果表明:75%遮光条件下东方百合各品种的净光合速率(Pn)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)降低,表观量子效率(AQY)下降,叶绿素含量增高,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值降低,比叶质量减小,叶面积增大,切花观赏品质有所下降;不同百合品种的耐弱光性不同,弱光下‘Marcopolo’的LCP、Rd较低,比叶质量较小,AQY变化幅度小,表现出较强的耐弱光性;相反地,‘Acapulco’则对弱光较敏感。     

MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOMETRIC INVESTIGATION ON SOIL-DEXTRAN INTERACTIONS

The effect of three microbial dextrans of defined molecular weight, on shrinkage and porosity inside clods has been studied on two Italian clay soils, a Fluvisol and a Vertisol. Shrinkage was determined on dried soil samples using an electro-optical apparatus. The same apparatus was also used to measure porosity and pore size distribution inside the clods. For this purpose large thin sections were prepared from cracked soil samples after shrinkage measurements. Dextrans influenced shrinkage and the size distribution of clods and cracks in the two soils. The major effect was found in the Fluvisol where the arrangement of cracks was changed visibly. The dextrans caused a marked increase in total porosity in the Fluvisol but had only a small effect in the Vertisol. In both soils the pore size distribution was changed resulting in a greater number of larger pores in the dextran treated samples.     

2种烟草种植模式种植成本分析

分析了我国烟草生产不同发展阶段的传统烟草种植和现代烟草种植模式下烟农种植过程中的成本投入,结果表明:因烟草专业化服务组织农业机械化水平和专业化程度的提高,烟草种植的人工投入数、人工成本分别由传统烟草种植模式的15.01个/667 m2和758元/667 m2降低到现代烟草种植模式的2.41个/667 m2和120.25元/667 m2;由于人工成本的大幅度降低,烟草种植总成本由传统烟草种植模式的798元/667 m2降低到现代烟草种植模式下的307.25元/667 m2。