紫肉甘薯与普通甘薯的产量与农艺性状特征差异研究

对紫肉甘薯和普通甘薯的产量与农艺性状的鉴定和比较结果表明,紫肉甘薯群体的藤叶产量、单株分枝数、单株结薯数、干物质含量,淀粉含量与普通甘薯差别不大,而鲜薯产量特别低,上薯率低,熟食品质差,藤蔓明显较长、薯块色素含量高．这些结果将为紫肉甘薯的进一步研究、育种、栽培与产业化开发提供一定科学依据．     

Soil and Water Resources and Land Sustainable Productivity in the Catchment Area with Intensive Management in Hilly Red Soil Regions,China

Taking an example of Majiayu Catchment Area (14.15 ha) in Taoyuan County of Hunan Province, the soil and water resources dynamics, fertility evolution characteristics and land productivity changing situation were studied. Fixed observation results from 1993 to 2002 showed that pools covering about 15% of total area could store up 10% of surface runoff, keep 78.1% of eroded soil and 65.4% of lost nutrients. The yearly ratio of interception and evapotranspiration in land, storage in pools and drainage was 7:2:1,which ensured the resources and nutrients equilibrium and a benign recycle in the catchment area system, and benefited the aquatic culture and helped to resist seasonal drought. Moreover, the results showed that soil erosion modulus decreased significantly,equal to or lower than soil loss tolerance (≤500 t km-2) in reddish yellow soil regions.Soil organic matter, total and available N content in sloping land, dryland and paddy field increased steadily (＞10%); water storage enhanced by more than 20% in sloping land and dryland in drought season; crop production increased by more than 20%; and production of trees, fruits, tea and fish as well as land productivity increased yearly.     

一步法复合RT-PCR鉴别ND强毒与AI病毒的研究

根据新城疫病毒（NDV）融合蛋白和禽流感病毒（AIV）核蛋白的核酸序列设计2对引物,对NDV和AIV的特异扩增片段分别为156bp和219bp,建立了同时检测强毒力NDV和AIV核酸的一步法复合RT—PCR。试验中未能检出弱毒力NDV,IBV,IBDV,REV,REOV及SPF鸡肌肉组织的RNA,从不同年代分离的16个NDV强毒株全为阳性而NDV弱毒株全为阴性。经验证,复合引物与单一引物的扩增效率一致,能够检出NDV和H;亚型AIV的最低病毒量分别为10^3.7EID。和10^3.9EID50。试验结果表明,此次建立的一步法复合RT—PCR特异、敏感,适用于强毒力NDV和AIV．感染的快速鉴别。     

草鱼仔,稚鱼消化器官与味蕾发育的研究

本研究观察了草鱼仔鱼前期至稚鱼生长后期消化器官的形成、发育以及口咽腔味蕾的形成、形态及数量变化状况。结果表明:草鱼味蕾的形成时期与消化器官的分化完善以及鱼开口摄食时期是同步的。味蕾的大小随仔鱼日龄的增加而增大,其总数随鱼个体长大而增多。在仔、稚鱼发育阶段中,味蕾在口咽腔各部位的分布和数量变化与草鱼摄食活动有密切关系,越是与食物和摄食活动紧密联系的部位,其味蕾的数量就越多。     

黄芪多糖(APS)对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了在断奶应激模式下,APS的添加对断奶仔猪免疫功能及腹泻指标的影响。结果表明:APS的添加能显著提高断奶仔猪的免疫功能。与对照II组相比,在断奶后第7d、14d淋巴细胞百分数分别增加了7.7%(P>0.05)、18.2%(P>0.05);中性粒细胞百分数分别减少了15.2%(P>0.05)、28.6%(P>0.05);断奶仔猪的SRBC抗体效价分别提高0.47、1.49(P<0.05)个滴度;单核细胞增殖率分别提高11%(P>0.05)、25%(P<0.05)。腹泻率在三组间差异不显著,APS添加组腹泻频率明显低于对照Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与对照I组相比,差异不显著。     

葡萄籽和皮中黄酮成分和抗氧化能力研究

通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析了酿酒葡萄中的梅鹿辄和霞多丽品种的籽和皮及圆叶葡萄品种麝香葡萄籽中主要单体黄酮醇和酚酸种类,并测定了葡萄籽和皮中的单体黄酮醇和酚酸对总抗氧化能力的贡献.结果表明:麝香葡萄籽中没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶酸的含量为68,7和69 mg/100g干重,而在霞多丽葡萄籽相应为10,211和303mg/100g干重,梅鹿辄葡萄籽中为7,74和83 mg/100g干重.这3种成分在葡萄酒副产物的皮中的含量低于籽中,采用抗氧化能量指数法(ORAC)测定其抗氧化能力贡献占总抗氧化能力的17%.在葡萄籽或皮中的酚类对过氧化游离基清除能力从大到小依次为:白藜芦醇、儿茶素、表儿茶酸=没食子儿茶精、没食子酸=鞣花酸.葡萄籽中抗氧化能力的最主要物质是二聚、三聚、寡聚或多聚原花青素.     

TDP照射居穴治疗奶牛卵巢机能障碍的效果研究

本试验用ＴＤＰ对产后９０ｄ以上不发情,经检查确定为卵巢机能障碍奶牛的居穴进行照射。照射结果表明：试验组发情率、受胎率、发情持续时间和妊娠所需配种次数分别为７０．３７％、８４．２１％、（３．１４±１．２４）ｄ和（１．０６±０．３９）次,与对照组差异极显著（ｐ＜０．０１）;照射开始至发情和配孕时间,试验组比对照组分别提前了４３．３７ｄ和４１．８２ｄ,差异极显著（ｐ＜０．０１）。     

消毒剂对烟草漂浮育苗材料表面青枯雷尔氏菌的杀灭作用*

 为了指导烟草漂浮育苗消毒剂使用,通过载体表面菌落杀灭试验,测定了10种消毒剂对聚苯乙烯泡沫苗盘、聚氯乙烯塑料膜和不锈钢刀片表面的青枯雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacoarum,简称青枯菌）的杀灭效果。结果表明,除98％磷酸三钠300 mg/L和24％混脂酸铜80 mg/L对青枯菌几乎没有杀灭作用外,其余消毒剂具有较好的杀灭效果。在聚苯乙烯泡沫苗盘、聚氯乙烯塑料池膜和不锈钢刀片表面,8种消毒剂的90％致死剂量（EC₉₀）差异大,30％有效氯漂白粉为96.4～145.7 mg/L,7％有效氯次氯酸钠为53.7～215.3 mg/L,美国消毒剂为26.2～83.5 mg/L,98％硫酸铜·5H₂O 为93.8～114.0 mg/L; 98％高锰酸钾为14.8～163.0 mg/L;40％育宝为247.7～404.6 mg/L;10％二氧化氯（维绿）为185.7～472.9 mg/L;0.6％菌毒净为101.6～441.0 mg/L。消毒剂的使用剂量需要根据表面材料种类选择。     

Human-induced Arctic moistening

The Arctic and northern subpolar regions are critical for climate change. Ice-albedo feedback amplifies warming in the Arctic, and fluctuations of regional fresh water inflow to the Arctic Ocean modulate the deep ocean circulation and thus exert a strong global influence. By comparing observations to simulations from 22 coupled climate models, we find influence from anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols in the space-time pattern of precipitation change over high-latitude land areas north of 55 degrees N during the second half of the 20th century. The human-induced Arctic moistening is consistent with observed increases in Arctic river discharge and freshening of Arctic water masses. This result provides new evidence that human activity has contributed to Arctic hydrological change.     

Spatial variation in organic carbon, nutrients and microbial biomass contents of paddy soils in a hilly red soil region

The contents of soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), total P (TP), dissolved N (D_N), Olsen-P, and microbial biomass C, N, P (B_C, B_N, B_P) of 254 paddy soils (0–18 cm in depth) in a hilly red soil region of subtropical zone of China were studied. The results showed that the contents of SOC, TN, B_C, B_N and D_N of paddy soils at the bottom of hills were 14.6%, 13.6%, 24.6%, 20.4% and 95.8% higher than those at the foothill, respectively. The Olsen-P content of paddy soils at the foothill was 33.3% higher than that at the bottom of hills. However, the differences in TP, B_P and available P (the sum of B_P and Olsen-P) contents were not significant between the two positions. In addition, the ratios of soil C/P, B_C/B_P and B_C/SOC of paddy soils at the bottom of hills were 12.7%, 28.5% and 8.2% higher than those at the foothill, respectively, but the differences in ratios of soil C/N, B_C/B_N, B_N/TN and B_P/TP were not statistically significant between various positions. __________ Translated from Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(1): 15–21 [译自: 植物营养与肥料学报]