Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

Ultrastructure of the tubular glands in the isthmus region of the oviduct in laying and natural moulting commercial egg‐type chickens

The study investigated the ultrastructural characteristics of tubular gland and duct cells, as well as luminal gland cells in the isthmus region of the oviduct of laying and natural moulting hens. Tubular glands in laying birds were composed of type 1 and 2 cells. Based on the preponderance of each cell type, in relation to the location of a developing egg in the oviduct of the domestic fowl, these gland cells may represent different functional states of the same cell. The findings of the study on natural moulting birds suggest that autophagy is a process confined to the early stages of degeneration, while necrosis occurs in the terminal stages.     

ACC合酶cDNA克隆及其对美洲黑杨体内乙烯产生的反义抑制

利用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术克隆了大豆ＡＣＣ合酶基因ＧＭＣＡＣＣＳＩ编码区１５ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经酶切图谱分析和序列分析鉴定后,反向插入到２元载体ｐＢｉｎ４３８中,构建了表达ＡＣＣ合酶反义ＲＮＡ的植物表达载体,转化农杆菌后用该农杆菌侵染美洲黑杨叶片,在含卡那霉素的ＭＳ培养基上选择转化子和植株再生,通过ＰＣＲ检测从抗卡那植株中选到１５株转基因植株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析初步确证了外源基因是以单拷贝插入到杨树基因组ＤＮＡ中;对杨树幼苗乙烯释放的测定结果表明转基因杨树幼苗的乙烯释放量为对照的２２％。     

miR-21:生成、表达调控及对其细胞凋亡的影响

凋亡是细胞的一种基本生物学现象,在机体生命过程中发挥着重要作用。miRNAs是在真核生物内发现的一类长度约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码单链小RNA,通过调控靶基因的表达参与调控细胞的凋亡、分化、增殖、侵袭和代谢。大量的研究表明,miR-21作为miRNAs重要成员之一,与细胞凋亡有重要联系。本文将从miR-21的生成、表达调控及对细胞凋亡的影响方面进行综述。     

蔬菜高效施药装置药量专家系统测试

为了满足蔬菜高效施药的精确性和便捷性,借助信息技术手段将专家知识库存贮在单片机芯片中,通过快捷的选择调用达到蔬菜高效施药的目的。本文介绍了高效施药装置专家系统的工作原理,并通过试验验证了其理论施药量和实际控制值具有较好的一致性。     

甘南牦牛繁育技术

通过对甘南牦牛品种选育、选配、杂交改良、配种、饲养管理等关键技术的规范,提高甘南牦牛繁殖率与供种能力,为甘南牦牛的科学繁育提供技术支撑,推动甘南牦牛产业高质量发展。     

番茄资源材料的品质分析

观测分析了12份引进番茄新材料的主要品质指标。结果表明,材料间可溶性固形物含量、总酸度、番茄红素含量、VC含量差异明显,T31果实的番茄红素含量达到加工番茄标准;材料间外观品质在果面、果脐、生长习性上差异较小。综合表现较好的是PI120256、PI174263和T31,最差的是SnowWhite。GoldenRoma、VitaGold、HighCaroteneTM928、Sapho、HealthKick的利用价值有待进一步研究。     

满江红作为家禽益生元的可行性研究

用分别添加0．5％、1％与10％满江红的配合饲料喂1日龄AA肉鸡，21日龄、42日龄的体重0.5％、1％添加组显著高于10％添加组和对照组（P〈0．05）。0．5％、1％添加组鸡只粪便的双歧杆菌和乳酸茵的总数较对照组增多60％，而大肠杆菌数量则下降67％。不同浓度的满江红溶液，添加于培养基中，进行体外增茵和抑茵试验，满江红对双歧杆菌体外增殖和大肠杆菌体外抑制均有良好的效果。以上结果表明，满江红可以作为家禽益生元。