‘菱花湛露’牡丹鳞芽组织培养技术研究

为实现牡丹的工厂化育苗提供理论的依据,建立牡丹品种‘菱花湛露’的组培快繁体系,以‘菱花湛露’的鳞芽为外植体,以MS、改良MS、WPM、改良WPM为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA等植物生长调节剂,经试验对比筛选出‘菱花湛露’的最佳增殖培养基为改良WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖 25 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L,增殖系数可达3.7;生根培养基为1/2改良WPM+IBA 10 mg/L+蔗糖35 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L+活性炭（0.1%）时,生根率为47.9%。     

Effect of Shading on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves Under Conditions of Different Soil Water Contents1

Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under onditions of different soil water contents in summer midday. All cotton leaves exhibited similar basic responses to shading, including decreased netphotosynthetic rates, a tendency to decrease in transpiration rates, and increased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The leaf conductance of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants increased by 28% and 16.7% compared with no-shaded plants at high water, respectively, but the net photosynthetic rates of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants declined by 50% and 14.73%, respectively. Results showed that combined effect of soil moisture and shading on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves was very remarkable.     

铜川市耀州区农户肉羊农牧生态系统能量流动规律的研究

运用生态学的系统分析方法,以铜川市耀州区金圣生态养羊示范基地农户肉羊农牧生态系统为研究对象,对系统的能量流动规律、种植业与养殖业的生态效率进行分析.分析表明三种规模养殖农户种植亚系统能量产投比与结构调整前相比分别提高了39.40%、39.50%和30.40%,向养殖亚系统输入的总能量占养殖亚系统需能总量的96.61%,88.45%和80.55%;养殖亚系统的能量转化效率分别达到7.35%、8.00%和8.39%,输入到种植亚系统的粪尿能水平分别是调整前粪尿能输入水平(37.64×103 MJ/hm2)的1.57倍、1.84倍和2.07倍.整个系统的经济投入与产出比分别达到1.73、1.83和1.98,三种规模农户的纯收益比调整前分别增加1132.5元、2392.8元和3913.5元.表明农户肉羊生产系统是一个高投入、高产出的农牧生态系统,有较好的生态效益和经济效益.     

基于ISSR分子标记的新疆欧洲李亲缘关系分析（英文）

[目的]探究不同新疆欧洲李种质类型间的亲缘关系。[方法]运用ISSR分子标记对5个类型共30个单株的新疆欧洲李种质资源进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。[结果]筛选获得的16条引物共扩增出317条带,其中有多态性条带246条,占扩增总数的77.60%。供试单株的Nei’s遗传多样性指数(H)为0.266 6,平均Shannon信息多样性指数(I)为0.399 1,遗传相似系数多在0.555 2~0.996 8之间,表明新疆欧洲李资源具有一定的遗传多样性。聚类分析显示,在遗传相似系数0.719处30株供试欧洲李被划分为3个大组,国外引进欧洲李品种一组、塔城酸梅和塔城槟子一组、伽师酸梅和野生欧洲李一组,而在相似系数0.949处,伽师酸梅和野生欧洲李又分为两个小组。[结论]伽师酸梅与野生欧洲李的亲缘关系很近,国外引进欧洲李品种与塔城酸梅及塔城槟子的亲缘关系较近。     

10份贵州常用玉米自交系丝黑穗病抗性鉴定 及遗传多样性分析

[目的]对贵州常用玉米自交系进行丝黑穗病抗性鉴定、主要农艺性状评价及SSR遗传多样性分析,为贵州玉米的抗丝黑穗病基因挖掘及优质抗性种质资源创建提供参考依据.[方法]以10份贵州常用玉米自交系材料为研究对象,于2016—2017年分别在贵州安顺市平坝实验基地及贵阳市花溪区贵州大学鱼塘教学试验场进行丝黑穗病抗性鉴定;采用136对条带清晰、重复性好的SSR分子标记对供试材料进行PCR扩增检测,并运用POPGENE 32和NTSYS-2.10e进行遗传多样性和聚类分析.[结果]连续两年两地的玉米丝黑穗病抗性鉴定结果表明,自交系T32和齐319表现为稳定高抗,感病率为0;自交系J51和J106表现为高感,平均感病率分别为64.18%和48.62%,其余6个自交系表现为感病.10份贵州常用玉米自交系材料在贵州地区均能正常成熟,其中以T32的综合表现较突出,为贵州优势种质材料,J51、J106和双M9次之,齐319的表现相对较差.136对SSR分子标记从10份贵州常用玉米自交系材料中共检测到567个等位基因,平均为4.17个;Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.180~0.500,平均为0.328;多态性信息量(PIC)为0.150~0.920,平均为0.656;多态性最好的SSR分子标记为umc1795.以相似系数0.658为界,10份贵州常用玉米自交系可划分为三大类:类群Ⅰ包括苏11、T32、S37和双M9,均具有热带血缘;类群Ⅱ包括齐319、J106、HC、郑58和QL16,均具有温带血缘;类群Ⅲ为贵州地方种质J51.[结论]贵州常用玉米自交系材料具有较广泛的遗传基础,可满足玉米育种对亲本遗传差异的基本要求.尤其是自交系T32高抗玉米丝黑穗病且在贵州山区具有良好的适应性,为热带血缘Suwan选系,明显区别于改良Reid选系、先锋选系、美国杂交种选系及贵州地方种质,可优先用于贵州地区抗丝黑穗病基因发掘、杂交种改良及优良抗性种质资源创建.     

板栗壳色素醛交联树脂对水中Pb(Ⅱ)吸附性能的研究

采用氨催化—热固化法合成甲醛交联板栗壳色素树脂,通过振荡平衡批处理法研究了初始pH对水中Pb(Ⅱ)吸附的影响,利用准一级动力学、准二级动力学和粒内扩散模型拟合了吸附动力学数据,并采用Langmuir、Fre?undlich等温线对吸附平衡数据进行拟合.结果表明,甲醛交联板栗壳色素树脂吸附水中Pb(Ⅱ)的适宜pH为5—6...     

浅谈在种子质量检测工作中的思考与建议

种子质量与农业生产有着密切关系,质量优劣在很大程度上决定着农作物的增产潜力,农业增产增收离不开高质量的种子.在本文中,笔者结合自己的实际工作经验,提出了在从事种子质量检测工作中的一些思考和建议,以及应该注意的事项以供种子检测者参考.     

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分及生态化学计量特征

[目的]探究黄土丘陵区土地利用方式变化前后土壤养分及生态化学计量比的变化特征,为该区农业生产以及生态恢复工作提供科学依据。[方法]选取山西省永和县岔口小流域因生态工程的实施而改变土地利用方式的坡改梯地(梯田)、退耕还林地(林地)、地埂核桃园地(园地)3种样地为研究对象,以现有坡耕地为对照,利用时空互代法,比较不同土地利用方式变化前后0—20 cm,20—40 cm土壤C,N,P,K含量以及生态化学计量比的差异。[结果]①流域各种生态恢复措施实施后,土壤C,N元素含量明显增加,梯田、林地、园地0—40 cm土壤有机C含量分别是坡耕地的1.38,2.44和1.09倍,全N含量分别是坡耕地的1.76,2.66,1.68倍。P,K元素增加量不明显,林地相比其他2种土地利用方式对C,N元素的固持更加明显;②通过分析土壤养分化学计量比的关系,发现流域土壤的限制性元素为C,N元素;③流域土壤养分及计量比之间存在着稳定的耦合关系,C-N之间的耦合关系最为显著且在各元素和生态化学计量比稳定方面发挥着重要作用。[结论]流域3种土地利用方式有效地改变了土壤全量养分含量和元素的生态化学计量比,有利于流域的生态保护和植被修复。     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中的重要病害,是影响马铃薯产量和品质的重要因素之一,在云南春作马铃薯上普遍发生,且危害较重,给当地马铃薯产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,试验研究了11种药剂7种药剂组合(包衣剂+保护剂+治疗剂)通过播种期种薯包衣,现蕾期叶面喷施一次保护剂,发病初期和发病中期叶面各喷一次治疗剂的方法防治马铃薯晚疫病。结果表明,药剂组合种薯包衣+甲霜·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威的防治效果最好,防治效果达到60.99%,增产率176.28%,增效率152.27%;其次是种薯包衣+霜脲·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威组合,防治效果达到60.15%,增产率173.20%,增效率150.55%。这2个药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病均有极显著的防治效果,增产增效明显。     

Suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray analysis reveal differentially expressed genes in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr39/41</Emphasis>-mediated wheat resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia triticina</Emphasis>

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most severe fungal diseases threatening the global wheat production. The use of leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes in wheat breeding programs is the major solution to solve this issue. Wheat isogenic line carrying the Lr39/41 gene has shown a moderate to high resistance to most of the Pt pathotypes detected in China. In the present study, a typical hypersensitive response (HR) was observed using microscopy in leaves of the Lr39/41 isogenic line inoculated with the avirulent Pt pathotype THTT from 48 h-post inoculation. Two Lr39/41 resistance-associated suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries with a total of 6000 clones were established. Microarray hybridizations were performed on all obtained SSH clones using RNAs extracted from leaves of the Pt-inoculated and non-inoculated Lr39/41 isogenic lines, and leaves of the Pt-inoculated and non-inoculated Thatcher susceptible lines. Differentially expressed clones were analyzed by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), followed by further sequencing. A total of 36 Lr39/41-resistance-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, many of which had been previously reported to be involved in the plant defense response. The expression levels of eight selected DEGs during different stages of the Lr39/41-mediated resistance were further quantified by a qRT-PCR assay. Several pathogenesis-related (PR) and HR-related genes seem to be crucial for the Lr39/41-mediated resistance. In general, a brief profile of DEGs associated with the Lr39/41-mediated wheat resistance to Pt was drafted.