Antimicrobial activity of p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate derivatives

To estimate the antimicrobial effect of p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate (H5) derivatives on the basis of their molecular structure, the hydroxy and acryl groups of p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate were modified. The antimicrobial activity of the resulting compounds was assessed against a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus), a Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium pinphilum) by the halo zone and the shake flask test. The antimicrobial activity of H5 was ascribed mainly to the acryl group. Compounds with acryl or acryloxy groups bound to the phenyl moiety were found to exhibit particularly high antimicrobial activities. The activities of phenyl acrylate and phenyl vinyl ketone were excellent as compared to aliphatic acrylates such as cyclohexyl acrylate and hexyl acrylate, indicating that the stereoelectronic effect of the phenyl group was important to the antimicrobial activity.     

Biopotency of methionine sources and their effects on sexual maturity of growing Japanese quail

1. Japanese quail were fed on practical diets supplemented with graded amounts of DL-methionine (DL-M), DL-methionine-sodium (DL-M-Na), DL-methionine hydroxy-analogue calcium (DL-MHA-Ca) and DL-methionine hydroxy-analogue free acid (DL-MHA-FA) on an equimolar basis. 2. By the slope ratio assay using quail growth as the criterion, it was deduced that the biological activity of DL-M-Na, DL-MHA-Ca and DL-MHA-FA was approximately 0.96, 0.72 and 0.84 that of DL-M on an equimolar basis. 3. On a weight basis of the commercial products, the efficacies of DL-M-Na, DL-MHA-Ca and DL-MHA-FA were 0.38, 0.62 and 0.74, respectively. 4. Quail fed on the diet with the highest content of methionine had greater ovary weight, oviduct weight, oviduct length and egg production.     

猪苓的人工培养条件研究

猪苓的白色长菌丝在PDA培养基上能够形成厚实可剥的菌丝块。猪苓生长菌丝可形成锁状联结、顶端膨大,菌丝真径0.95～2.80um,适宜生长条件为20℃、pH4。振荡培养下,形成15～20um大小的菌丝块,颜色如潜伏其菌核的灰黄色。在6种生长原木上,猪苓形成菌丝块大小为3～5um。在PDA培养基上猪苓与蜜环菌混合培养比单独培养的菌丝粗,菌丝密度大,在原木上,猪苓菌丝与蜜环菌菌丝形成共生联结,同时在与蜜环菌紧连的菌丝块边缘,有多点状的自我防御结构。木质素降解活性检测表明,4个菌株中的A、B、C使澳酚蓝脱色后的吸光度为0.0635～0.0902,而菌株D的活性可以忽略。     

Extraction of natural dye from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coreopsis tinctoria</Emphasis> flower petals for leather dyeing − An eco-friendly approach

This study evaluated the extraction of two colors of dye (yellow and brown) from Coreopsis tinctoria flower petals using ultrasound and the dyeing of leather with the extracted dyes as a source of nontoxic and eco-friendly dye. The results showed an increase in the dye extraction values with increasing time at 100 W ultrasonic power at 80 °C for 1 h. Leather dyeing was optimized with the aid of ultrasound and magnetic stirring. The optimum leather dyeing conditions, with respect to the dye uptake, dye penetration and intensity of the color, were determined to be 12 % dye concentration, 100 W power, 1,000 rpm, and pH 7.0 for 60 min at 80 °C. It was shown that sonication improves dye exhaustion from a 90 % to 60 % rating for 1 h of dyeing time. The dyed leather was assessed by reflectance measurements and compared with visual assessment data. The fastness properties of dyed leather samples showed good fastness against washing, light, and dry and wet rubbing. The strength properties were not significantly altered and the bulk properties, such as softness, were found to be improved by the use of Coreopsis tinctoria yellow and brown dyes using an ultrasonic and magnetic stirring dyeing process.     

Sound characteristics according to cross-sectional shapes of fibers

In order to investigate the effects of cross-sectional shapes on the sound characteristics of polyester fibers, 10 specimens were woven into a twill structure made of round, hollow, triangular, u-shape, cruciform, and composite cross-sectional (▴/▴, ()/▴,Y y) fibers. Their rustling sounds were recorded, and their sound spectra were obtained from FFT analysis. Physical sound parameters (LPT, ΔL, Δf) and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters of the loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) were calculated from the sound spectra. According to noncircular cross-section fibers, the hollow shaped fiber had the highest value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z). The triangular shaped fiber had a lower value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z), and roughness(Z) than those of the round shaped fiber. Among composite cross-section fibers, C1 (▴/▴) and C3 (Y y) had higher values of LPT, ΔL, Δf, and loudness(Z) but C2 (()/▴) had lower values. Also the LPT, ΔL, sharpness(Z), and roughness(Z) values of different denier were similar to each other, but the Δf and loudness(Z) values increased as the denier increased.     

The interaction of moving yarns with stationary surfaces

Ever since the spinning process was developed, numerous research studies have been conducted and many precision instruments have been developed to control the tension in moving yarn. These efforts, however, have remained insufficient because many factors that need to be considered have not been handled in an integrated manner. To overcome this limitation, various parameters that affect the tension must be examined and the relationships among them must be discovered. Hence, the present paper reviews a variety of parameters for yarn moving from a ring spinning machine to a winding machine. These two machines, in particular, involve a series of phenomena in which the yarn passes over a stationary surface. In addition, the relevant parameters related to force, tension, and yarn motion need to be separately investigated in each spinning section (e.g., the balloon, the section from the bobbin to the traveler, and the section from the bobbin to the unwinding package) and at each part (e.g., the traveler, yarn guide, package, and tensioner).     

Evaluation of waterlogging tolerance with the degree of foliar senescence at early vegetative stage of maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.)

Maize is highly susceptible to waterlogging, which is becoming one of worldwide abiotic threats in many agricultural areas. This study was evaluated to establish the screening method and to find tolerant maize genotypes. Six Korean maize inbred lines were subjected to waterlogging at V3 for 15 days using a big size pot with single maize plant (big pot method) and a box containing 31 maize plants at a time (box method). The degree of foliar senescence and the number of senescent leaves were better indicators for selecting waterlogging tolerant maize genotypes than SPAD value and plant height. The degree of foliar senescence revealed that KS124, KS140, and KS141 are tolerant, and KS85 is susceptible to waterlogging at the early growth stage. These responses of foliar senescence were in clear accordance with those of plant grain yield, which was supported by stress tolerance index for grain yield. The box method also showed the similar response of foliar senescence to the big pot method. Therefore, this box method based on foliar senescence may be simple and efficient for large-scale screening of maize germplasm against waterlogging stress. It was concluded that foliar senescence can be a good indicator for selecting tolerant maize genotypes against waterlogging at the early growth stage.     

Development and evaluation of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying chromosome segments derived from Oryza rufipogon in the genetic background of Oryza sativa L.

The wild relatives of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are useful sources of alleles that have evolved to adapt in diverse environments around the world. Oryza rufipogon, the known progenitor of the cultivated rice, harbors genes that have been lost in cultivated varieties through domestication or evolution. This makes O. rufipogon an ideal source of value-added traits that can be utilized to improve the existing rice cultivars. To explore the potential of the rice progenitor as a genetic resource for improving O. sativa, 33 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of O. rufipogon (W0106) in the background of the elite japonica cultivar Koshihikari were developed and evaluated for several agronomic traits. Over 90% of the entire genome was introgressed from the donor parent into the CSSLs. A total of 99 putative QTLs were detected, of which 15 were identified as major effective QTLs that have significantly large effects on the traits examined. Among the 15 major effective QTLs, a QTL on chromosome 10 showed a remarkable positive effect on the number of grains per panicle. Comparison of the putative QTLs identified in this study and previous studies indicated a wide genetic diversity between O. rufipogon accessions.