环磷酰胺预处理制备兔抗Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒高免血清

以正常鸡胚尿囊液和环磷酰胺预处理试验兔, 再以Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（Ｄｕｃｋ Ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ Ｖｉｒｕｓ Ｔｙｐｅ Ⅰ, ＤＨＶ Ⅰ） 标准强毒（ＡＴＣＣ, Ｃ９／Ｄ２） 接种后致死鸡胚的尿囊液, 经灭活、乳化制成油佐剂抗原多次免疫试验兔, 获得了鸡胚中和效价（ＥＰＤ５０） 达１∶３２ 以上的兔抗Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒高免血清（ＤＨＶ ⅠＳ） 。     

Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.     

Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

Protective effect of vitamin C and lycopene on the in vitro fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm by inhibiting the oxidative stress

The fertilization capacity of sex-sorted sperms is seriously decreased, which inhibits its wide application. However, little information is still available about the effect of vitamin C (VC) and lycopene (Lyc) on the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm. In this study, the washing medium and fertilization medium of sex-sorted sperm from three bull individuals were supplemented with different concentrations of VC (0, 1 × 10^–3, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6 M) or Lyc (0, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6, 1 × 10^–7). After washing twice and incubation for 1.5 hr, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, membrane potential (Δψm) and IVF (in vitro fertilization) ability of sex-sorted sperm were investigated. For the sex-sorted sperm of bulls A, B and C, 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc treatment significantly decreased their MDA levels and PS translocation and increased their Δψm levels and cleavage rates after IVF. When blastocysts were concerned, 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc significantly improved the blastocyst rates and their IFN-tau expression of bulls A and C. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc in washing and fertilization medium contributed greatly to improving the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm during IVF procedure.     

京华重晚情--庆祝中国饲料工业协会成立20周年大会老饲料工作者活动侧记

深秋的北京,红了枫叶,黄了银杏,这是京华最美的季节,雄伟的北京人民大会堂格外庄严。全国饲料战线广大职工期盼已久的庆祝中国饲料工业协会成立20周年暨第五次全国会员代表大会于2005年11月5日在这里隆重举行。在步入会堂的人流中,有一支队伍格外引人注目:他们人数不多,但行进整齐;他们几乎都是年过六旬的老者,但步履矫健,充满自信;他们的头发大多斑白了,但胸前佩戴的红花映红了绽满欢笑的面容。他们就是受中国饲料工业协会特别邀请,来自全国各省、市和在京的部分离、退休的老饲料工作者,是上个世纪我国饲料工业初创阶段的拓荒者。为了弘扬…     

Chemoattraction and chemorepulsion of Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae on a sodium chloride gradient is mediated by amphidial neuron pairs ASE and ASH, respectively

Depending on its concentration, sodium chloride acts as either an attractant or a repellant to the infective larvae (L3i) of Strongyloides stercoralis. On a concentration gradient, L3i are attracted to 0.05 M NaCl, but repelled by 2.8M. To test the hypothesis that amphidial neurons ASE and ASH might mediate attraction and repulsion, respectively, these neurons, and control neurons as well, were ablated in hatchling larvae with a laser microbeam. After the larvae attained infectivity (L3i), they were tested on a NaCl gradient. When placed at low salinity, 73.5% of normal controls migrated "up" the gradient, while 26.4% crawled randomly. In contrast, only 20.6% of ASE-ablated L3i migrated "up" the gradient, while 79.4% migrated randomly. Ablation-control ASK-ablated L3i (58.8%) migrated "up" the gradient while 41.1% crawled randomly. When placed at a region of high salinity, 100% of normal control L3i migrated "down" the gradient, whereas 62.5% of ASH-ablated L3i migrated randomly, the remaining 37.5% migrating "down" the gradient. In sharp contrast with ASH-ablated L3i, 94.1% of ablation-control larvae, i.e. ASK-ablated L3i, migrated "down" the gradient. Migration behavior of ASE- and ASH-ablated L3i was significantly different (P < 0.001) from that of ASK-ablated L3i and normal controls. It is noteworthy that 87.5% of ASE-ablated L3i that failed to exhibit chemoattractive behavior were actively chemorepelled from high salinity. Also, 70.0% of ASH-ablated L3i that failed to be chemorepelled from high salinity were capable of chemoattractive behavior, indicating that the worms had retained their behavioral responses except for those associated with the targeted neurons.     

牛乳脂共轭亚油酸的合成及其营养调控

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是存在于动物脂肪和乳脂中的天然活性成分。本文综述了牛乳脂CLA的来源、合成机制及其营养调控。     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.