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141.
Jun Murase Kumiko Itoh Mayuko Kana Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):909-913
The structure of the β-proteobacterial autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) communities in a microcosm of submerged paddy soil was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified using AOB-selective primers. Shift in the community composition was observed 4 weeks after submergence. The communities from the surface layers (0–1, 2–3 mm) of the soil microcosm were different from those of the subsurface layers (6–9, > 15 mm) and DGGE bands specific to each layer were detected. The majority of the retrieved sequences were Nitrosospira-like, whereas no Nitrosomonas-like sequences were obtained. The 16S rDNA primer set also amplified sequences that were not related to the known Nitrosospira-Nitrosomonas group, although they showed a close relationship with other groups of β-proteobacteria. The results suggest that Nitrosospira-like populations are dominant AOB populations in the submerged paddy soil, and that the oxic layer of submerged paddy soil harbours the specific AOB. 相似文献
142.
Sodium transport to the shoots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants grown under salt stress conditions was characterized. The rate of Na+ transport to shoots increased exponentially depending on the increase in the NaCl concentration of the rooting solution, however, the rates were independent of the plant transpiration. Excessive NaCl in the rooting solution was found to enhance apoplastic transport in rice plants by using the apoplastic dye, 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrene trisulfonic acid (PTS) and Fluostain I (also known as Calcoflour White M2R New). The results suggest that excessive Na+ in the rooting solution enlarges the apoplastic pathways, which facilitates Na+ intrusion into the xylem vessels, resulting in an excessive accumulation of Na+ in rice shoots. 相似文献
143.
Kumiko M Kimura Takashi Yokoyama Makoto Haritani Minoru Narita Peter Belleby Julie Smith Yvonne I Spencer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(3):255-257
To detect prion protein, brains from 5 cattle naturally affected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and 3 sheep naturally affected with scrapie were examined and compared with brains of normal cattle and sheep using a histoblot technique. The technique enabled the in situ distinctive detection of the cellular (PrP(C)) and abnormal (PrP(Sc)) isoforms of the prion protein. In BSE- or scrapie-affected brains, the Prp(C) signal decreased, especially in those areas where the PrP(Sc) signal was detected. 相似文献
144.
Kumiko NAGAYAMA Keisuke OGUMA Hiroshi SENTSUI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1531-1534
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolation and antibody survey were performed using
2,758 fetal bovine sera (FBS) collected from slaughterhouses in New Zealand, Australia and
the Dominican Republic, and then sent to Japan to manufacture commercial serum for cell
culture use. FBS in the Dominican Republic were pooled for each several individuals, and
those collected in other countries were separated according to each individual and
subjected to the tests. BVDV was isolated from 25 (0.91%) FBS, and the BVDV antibody was
detected in 44 (1.60%) FBS. The survey on 139 sets of paired sera of a dam and her fetus
revealed that neither the BVDV antibody nor BVDV was detected in all FBS from BVDV
antibody-positive dams. 相似文献
145.
Takayuki YAMAMOTO Masatoshi KATO Kiwamu ENDO Satoshi KOTOURA Zenya TAKEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1605-1609
A sensitive and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two
monoclonal antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide with an amino-acid sequence
related to the C-terminus of bovine myoglobin and the whole molecule of sodium dodecyl
sulphate (SDS)-denatured bovine myoglobin was adapted for detecting bovine myoglobin in
contaminated feeds. The ELISA employed bovine meat extract of a known myoglobin
concentration as a calibration standard and had an limit of detection (LOD) of 3.54
ng/ml and an limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.0
ng/ml corresponding to 0.022% and 0.067% (wt/wt)
bovine meat-and-bone-meal (MBM) mixed in 20-fold-diluted feed extracts, respectively. A
cut-off threshold of 20.6 ng/ml bovine myoglobin was set
to simplify ELISA and facilitate quick assessment of test results without a tedious
calibration process. The ELISA was able to detect bovine MBM in artificially prepared
model feeds, mixed botanical feeds, mixed botanical feeds with skimmed milk, fish meal,
pork meal and pork/chicken meal at 0.1% (wt/wt). It was also able to detect sheep MBM in
test feeds, but showed no reactivity to swine MBM, chicken MBM, skimmed milk or gelatine
of bovine origin. The advantages of this method are the quick and easy extraction protocol
of proteins from test feeds, using 100 mM sodium sulphide and 0.6% sodium dodecyl sulphate
in the extraction solution and the effective detection of bovine and sheep MBM at 0.1%
(wt/wt). 相似文献
146.
147.
Distribution of radioactive cesium and stable cesium in cattle kept on a highly contaminated area of Fukushima nuclear accident
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Itaru Sato Keiji Okada Jun Sasaki Hiroyuki Chida Hiroshi Satoh Kiyoshi Miura Kaoru Kikuchi Kumiko Otani Shusuke Sato 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):716-720
Radioactivity inspection of slaughtered cattle is generally conducted using a portion of the neck muscle; however, there is limited information about the distribution of radioactive cesium in cattle. In this study, therefore, we measured not only radioactive cesium but also stable cesium in various tissues of 19 cattle that had been kept in the area highly contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident. Skeletal muscles showed approximately 1.5‐3.0 times higher concentration of radioactive cesium than internal organs. Radioactive cesium concentration in the tenderloin and top round was about 1.2 times as high as that in the neck muscle. The kidney showed the highest concentration of radioactive cesium among internal organs, whereas the liver was lowest. Radioactive cesium concentration in the blood was about 8% of that in the neck muscle. Characteristics of stable cesium distribution were almost the same as those of radioactive cesium. Correlation coefficient between radioactive cesium and stable cesium in tissues of individual cattle was 0.981 ± 0.012. When a suspicious level near 100 Bq/kg is detected in the neck of slaughtered cattle, re‐inspection should be conducted using a different region of muscle, for example top round, to prevent marketing of beef that violates the Food Sanitation Act. 相似文献
148.
Kawagoe K Mine H Asai T Kojima A Ishihara K Harada K Ozawa M Izumiya H Terajima J Watanabe H Honda E Takahashi T Sameshima T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1211-1213
A total of 153 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium derived from food-producing animals in Japan between 2002 and 2005 were investigated for antimicrobial resistance and phage types related to definitive phage type 104 (DT104). The predominant resistance type was resistance to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, and oxytetracycline in bovine (45.2%, 48/104) and resistance to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline in porcine isolates (58.7%, 27/48). DT104-related phage type was found in 32 of 104 bovine isolates, two of 48 porcine isolates, and one of eight isolates from poultry, showing that the proportion of the phage type in S. Typhimurium isolates from cattle and pigs significantly (P<0.01) decreased from 71.9% and 31.4% in 1999-2001 to 30.8% and 4.1% in 2002-2005, respectively. 相似文献
149.
Kazuko OGATA Akira IMAI Shinya SATO Kagetomo NISHINO Shinya WATANABE Tamas SOMFAI Eiji KOBAYASHI Kumiko TAKEDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2022,68(1):53
During cryopreservation, spermatozoa may suffer cold and cryo-induced injuries ―associated with alterations in cell defense systems― that are detrimental to their function and subsequent fertility. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplementing the semen freezing extender with the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in cattle. Semen was collected from four bulls and diluted in a freezing extender supplemented with or without GSH (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM) before the cooling step of the cryopreservation process. After thawing, the quality of the frozen-thawed semen was investigated for motility, viability, acrosomal and DNA integrity, and subsequent embryo development after in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Additionally, semen from one of the bulls was used to analyze semen antioxidative potential, sperm penetration into oocytes, male pronucleus formation rate, and embryo DNA integrity. The sperm quality varied among bulls after GSH supplementation. One bull had decreased sperm total motility, and two bulls had decreased sperm DNA integrity. GSH supplementation had positive effects on embryo development for three bulls. Two of them showed both improved cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, while the other one only showed an improved cleavage rate. We observed positive effects on early male pronucleus formation and no negative effects on DNA integrity and cell number in blastocyst stage embryos. Although the effect varies depending on individual bulls and GSH concentration, GSH supplementation in semen may improve in vitro embryo production from frozen semen. 相似文献
150.
Mizuki TAKEDA Nobuaki ARAI Yuzo KOKETSU Yasushi MIZOGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):282
To assess factors for canine skin extensibility, our study investigated associations between the dogs’ skin extension index and the following factors, gender, age, neuter status, weight, coat color and six coat color related gene polymorphisms. Swab samples were collected from 69 toy poodles to extract DNA. The skin extension indices of the lower back and the neck were measured using the following formula: vertical height of the skin fold divided by body length multiplied by 100. The dogs’ age, weight, gender, neuter status and coat color were also recorded, as well as polymorphisms of the following six selected coat color related genes, Melanocortin 1 receptor, Tyrosinase-related protein 1, Melanophilin, Canine β-defensin-1, Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 12 and Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP). Univariable analysis showed there was a meaningful association between the lower back skin extension index and both gender and age (P<0.001 and P=0.048, respectively). Also, there was a possible association between the lower back skin extension index and ASIP Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (R96C) (P=0.078). Linear model analysis showed there was a significant association between the lower back skin extension index and gender (P<0.001), and there was a tendency of the association between the lower back skin extension index and ASIP SNP (R96C) (P=0.098). In addition, there was an association between gender and age for the skin extension index. (P=0.048). Therefore, these results suggest that a greater risk of skin extensibility in toy poodle could be related to being female and the ASIP SNP (R96C), because these factors were associated with higher lower back skin extension index. 相似文献