利用自制设备转化废弃油脂制备生物柴油

为了满足小型用户就地生产、使用生物柴油的需求,利用自主研发的集成式生物柴油生产设备进行了废弃油脂转化生物柴油加工示范。该设备的反应过程主要包括2个工艺:反应工艺A,反应温度60℃,甲醇加入量10%,浓硫酸加入量1%,反应时间5h;反应工艺B,反应温度60℃,浓硫酸加入量0.1%,甲醇加入量4%,反应5h后加入NaOH0.8%,甲醇12%,继续反应1.5h。针对不同品质的废弃油脂分别采用不同的工艺路线:当废弃油脂酸值及含水率较大时,先采用A工艺,降低酸值和含水率,再进行B工艺;当废弃油脂酸值及含水率较小时,仅采用B工艺。设备的工艺路线适用于不同酸值的废弃油脂,生物柴油产率达95%以上,产品符合国家标准。     

2005年上半年及今后拖拉机市场发展分析

2005年上半年,在一系列支农、惠农政策影响下,农民的收入得到快速提高,购买拖拉机的热情进一步高涨,推动了我国拖拉机市场的快速发展.行业资料显示,上半年我国拖拉机产值达到51.68亿元,同比增长43.13%,拖拉机销售总量91.71万台(折标台),同比增长31.92%.……     

政府采购监督几点问题及建议

目前我国政府采购制度体系已初步建立,但是与美国、英国、韩国等政府采购制度比较健全的国家相比,我国政府采购制度还需进一步完善。该文从实际工作角度出发,总结目前执行政府采购制度中存在的问题,分析原因并提出两点建议,希望能对完善政府采购制度,真正发挥政府采购监督职能有所裨益。     

砂地小麦套作花生的产量优势及其与养分利用效率关系的研究

通过长期定位试验,研究了砂区小麦套作花生、小麦和花生接续种植两种种植方式的产量及施肥效应。结果表明小麦套作花生相对于二作物接续种植有明显的产量优势。4年平均增产分别为27.7%和14.3%,在不施化肥时,这种效应更为明显,但其与施用化肥的增产效应相比甚小。两种方式下,单施或配合施用氮磷化肥均有显著的增产效果,     

Reproductive characteristics of Japanese monkeys on Shimokita Peninsula,Japan, the northernmost habitat of wild primates in the world

The Shimokita Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, which is inhabited by Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), is the northernmost habitat for wild primates in the world. This study was the first to determine the conception dates of specific individuals and estimate the pregnancy rate of wild populations in this region. The pregnancy rate of animals aged 5 years or more at delivery was estimated to be 40.9% (27/66). Conception dates of each fetus were also estimated using a regression line of Pig-tail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina), which are taxonomically related to Japanese monkeys and have a similar physique. The conception dates were distributed across 90 days between September 24th and December 23rd, with a mean conception date of November 4th (SD=22.3 days, n=53). Using these findings, the mean birth date was estimated as April 25th, more than two weeks earlier than the mean birth date in previous research determined using direct observations carried out over the past 20 years ago. Global warming due to climate change is thought to be one of the main causes of this difference.     

Antibody production in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel

Adult Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, (200–250 g, 45–55 cm) were immunized by intramuscular injection with goat IgG. After 5 weeks, eel immunoglobulin (Ig) was purified using affinity chromatography. The purified eel Ig was used to immunize rabbits to produce anti-eel Ig antibody. The highest antibody ELISA value in eels was reached 3 weeks after initial immunization with goat IgG, and then gradually decreased. The antibody could still be detected at 140 days post-immunization. The optimal temperature for antibody production was 30°C. Freund's complete adjuvant and secondary immunization both increased antibody production in eels.     

Distribution and abundance of copepod nauplii in southern part of the East China Sea: implications for prey availability to jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae

In the southern part of the East China Sea (ECS), a large spawning ground of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus has recently been found: Larval survival during the period of transport from the spawning ground along the shelf break is potentially a critical stage prior to recruitment. As such, the distribution of copepod nauplii in this region was investigated during the main spawning period in 2003–2006. The average naupliar density in 2003 was significantly higher than the other years along the shelf break, which is a major transport pathway for jack mackerel larvae (sea-surface temperature 20–23°C). Estimated egg production rates for Paracalanus spp., one of the most dominant genera of copepods in the southern ECS, based on temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration could not fully explain the spatial and annual variation in naupliar distribution and abundance. Although naupliar densities showed significant positive correlations with chlorophyll-a concentration for all years, an analysis of covariance revealed that naupliar density in 2003 was high even if the effect of chlorophyll-a concentration was excluded. This suggests that apart from copepod production, adult female distribution plays an important role in variability of the naupliar distribution and abundance in the southern ECS.     

腐殖酸改良铅污染土壤对蔬菜生长及其养分利用的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了腐殖酸改良铅污染土壤对蔬菜生长与生物产量、养分积累和肥料农学利用效率的影响。结果表明,污染土壤中铅增多则不利于蔬菜生长、植株富集氮磷钾素和氮磷钾肥农学利用效率提升。铅污染土壤上施用腐殖酸对蔬菜产量的影响与施用量、污染严重程度有关,增加腐殖酸用量使轻微污染土壤上的蔬菜生物量减产,却使较重污染土壤上的蔬菜增产。施用腐殖酸和增加用量在较重污染土壤上能促进氮磷钾素的植株积累,但轻微污染土壤上腐殖酸用量对蔬菜吸收养分的影响因肥料种类、生长阶段、改良剂用量而异。轻微污染土壤上施用小剂量腐殖酸仅使钾肥农学利用效率显著降低,而使用大剂量的腐殖酸则使氮磷钾肥农学利用效率显著降低;较重污染土壤上施用小剂量腐殖酸显著降低了氮磷肥的农学利用效率,而施用大剂量腐殖酸则显著增加了氮磷钾肥的农学利用效率。因此,重度铅污染土壤改良可通过加大腐殖酸用量改土调肥实现逆境高产栽培,但轻度铅污染土壤上应慎用腐殖酸改良土壤。     

CaCl_2和6-BA溶液处理对枣果软化褐变及相关酶活性的影响

试验探讨了鲜枣贮藏过程中果肉软化褐变与 PG活性、PPO活性的关系以及采前 Ca Cl2 和 6 - BA溶液处理对采后枣果果肉软化褐变、PG活性、PPO活性的影响。结果表明 ,枣果采后硬度逐渐下降且与贮藏时间呈极显著负相关 ,PG活性在贮藏期间呈起伏变化 ,与枣果软化无显著相关性。随贮藏时间延长果肉褐变指数逐渐增大 ,PPO活性逐渐升高 ,PPO活性与果肉软化褐变的发生相一致。采前用 1% Ca Cl2 、15 mg/kg6 - BA以及 1% Ca Cl2 +15mg/kg6 - BA对枣果进行喷雾处理 ,能降低采后枣果的 PG活性和 PPO活性 ,抑制果肉硬度的下降和果肉的褐变进程。 1% Ca Cl2 处理可使赞皇大枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度比对照增加 1.2 kg/cm2 ;1% Ca Cl2 +15 m g/kg6 - BA处理可使赞皇大枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度增加 1.5 kg/cm2 。 15 m g/kg 6 - BA处理对枣果软化褐变及 PG活性、PPO活性有一定影响 ,但效果不及 Ca Cl2 处理     

2013—2016年云南省江城县牛羊蓝舌病血清流行病学调查

为了解近年来云南省江城县蓝舌病病毒（BTV）的感染和流行情况,从2013年5月至2016年4月连续3年在江城县设立监控动物群,每年选择BTV病原及抗体检测阴性牛10头、羊5只作为哨兵动物,用于BTV抗体监测和病毒分离。应用BTV C-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对哨兵动物进行血清抗体检测,应用鸡胚、C6/36细胞和BHK-21细胞进行病毒分离。结果显示：连续3年的哨兵动物BTV抗体阳性率分别为40.35%、44.08%、50.65%; 3年内共分离到45株BTV,包括1~5型、15~16型、21型和24型共9种血清型。结果表明,江城县蓝舌病流行有逐年加重趋势,且呈现多种血清型毒株交叉感染状况,亟需加大BTV监测力度,及时发现毒株变化。