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排序方式: 共有155条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Hiroshi Shinada Toshio Yamamoto Hirokazu Sato Eiji Yamamoto Kiyosumi Hori Junichi Yonemaru Takashi Sato Kenji Fujino 《Breeding Science》2015,65(5):388-395
Plant breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with high adaptability to the specific conditions in a local region. As a result, unique genes and gene combinations have been accumulated in local elite breeding populations during the long history of plant breeding. Genetic analyses on such genes and combinations may be useful for developing new cultivars with more-desirable agronomic traits. Here, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for rice blast resistance (BR) using a local breeding rice population from Hokkaido, Japan. Using genotyping data on single nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeat markers distributed throughout the whole genomic region, we detected genetic regions associated with phenotypic variation in BR by a genome-wide association mapping study (GWAS). An additional association analysis using other breeding cultivars verified the effect and inheritance of the associated region. Furthermore, the existence of a gene for BR in the associated region was confirmed by QTL mapping. The results from these studies enabled us to estimate potential of the Hokkaido rice population as a gene pool for improving BR. The results of this study could be useful for developing novel cultivars with vigorous BR in rice breeding programs. 相似文献
152.
Optimal sampling strategies for evaluating fruit softening after harvest in apple breeding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroshi Iwanami Makoto Ishiguro Nobuhiro Kotoda Sae Takahashi Junichi Soejima 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):169-175
Environmental variance components associated with year, tree, and harvest date were estimated for fruit softening after harvest
in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to determine their relative importance and design optimum sampling strategies to discriminate genotypes in apple
breeding. Fruit were stored after harvest under 20± 2 ∘C and 80± 5%RH. Softening was evaluated by adapting the change in firmness during storage to a linear regression and defining
the regression coefficient as the softening rate. Environmental variances associated with genotype × year interaction, among
trees, year × tree interaction, and among harvest dates were all very small, namely, 2.7, 0.1, 5.2, and 5.7%, respectively,
to the total variance obtained from the analysis of variance for the softening rate. The variance associated with genotype,
at 57.3%, was very large. On the basis of the number of fruit necessary for firmness measurements, two times harvest is an
efficient strategy to determine a genotype mean for the softening. 相似文献
153.
Amin Nawahda Ken Yamashita Toshimasa Ohara Junichi Kurokawa Kazuyo Yamaji 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3445-3459
The aim of this study is to assess the premature mortality risks caused by exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5???m (PM2.5) and ozone elevated concentrations for the years?2000, 2005, and 2020 in East Asia. The spatial distributions and temporal variations of PM2.5 and ozone concentrations are simulated using the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System coupled with the Regional Emission Inventory in Asia. The premature mortality risks caused by exposure to PM2.5 and ozone are calculated based on a relative risk (RR) value of 1.04 (95?% confidence interval (CI): 1.01?C1.08) for PM2.5 concentrations above the annual mean limit of 10???g?m?3 taken from the World Health Organization?CAir Quality Guideline and based on a RR value of 1.003 (95?% CI: 1.001?C1.004) for ozone concentration above 35?ppb of the SOMO35 index (the sum of ozone daily maximum 8-h mean concentrations above 35?ppb). We demonstrate one of the implications of the policy making in the area of environmental atmospheric management in East Asia by highlighting the annual premature mortalities associated with exposure to PM2.5 concentrations that just meet an annual mean concentration of 10???g?m?3, as well as ozone concentrations that have a daily zero SOMO35 index in vulnerable places. Our results point to a growing health risk that may endanger human life in East Asia. We find that the effect of PM2.5 on human health is greater than the effect of ozone for the age group of 30?years and above. We estimate the corresponding premature mortality due to the effects of both ozone and PM2.5 in East Asia for the years?2000 and 2005 to be around 316,000 and 520,000 cases, respectively. For future scenarios of the year?2020, policy succeed case, reference, and policy failed case, the estimated annual premature mortality rates are 451,000, 649,000, and 1,035,000 respectively. 相似文献
154.
Lack of exposed ice inside lunar south pole Shackleton Crater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Haruyama J Ohtake M Matsunaga T Morota T Honda C Yokota Y Pieters CM Hara S Hioki K Saiki K Miyamoto H Iwasaki A Abe M Ogawa Y Takeda H Shirao M Yamaji A Josset JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5903):938-939
The inside of Shackleton Crater at the lunar south pole is permanently shadowed; it has been inferred to hold water-ice deposits. The Terrain Camera (TC), a 10-meter-resolution stereo camera onboard the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) spacecraft, succeeded in imaging the inside of the crater, which was faintly lit by sunlight scattered from the upper inner wall near the rim. The estimated temperature of the crater floor, based on the crater shape model derived from the TC data, is less than approximately 90 kelvin, cold enough to hold water-ice. However, at the TC's spatial resolution, the derived albedo indicates that exposed relatively pure water-ice deposits are not on the crater floor. Water-ice may be disseminated and mixed with soil over a small percentage of the area or may not exist at all. 相似文献
155.
Masashi Maita Junichi Maekawa Koh-ichi Satoh Kunihiko Futami Shuichi Satoh 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):513-519
ABSTRACT: The physiology of yellowtail fed a non-fishmeal diet was examined, with a specific interest in the role of taurine in disease resistance and cholesterol metabolism. Decrease of disease resistance in fish fed a non-fishmeal diet was confirmed by mortality due to natural infection with pseudotuberculosis and artificial infection with Lactococcus garvieae . It is suggested that the most important symptoms related to decrease of disease resistance in fish fed a non-fishmeal diet is anemia. Anemia was improved by supplementation with taurine. Significant elevation of relative expression of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA in fish fed a non-fishmeal diet suggests that cholesterol synthesis would be activated and not dysfunctional. Plasma cholesterol of these fish was elevated to the levels of control fish by supplementation of both cholesterol and taurine. These results suggest that hypocholesterolemia observed in fish fed a non-fishmeal diet compared with a fishmeal diet would be caused by insufficient dietary cholesterol and decrease of endogenous cholesterol due to the lack of dietary taurine. 相似文献