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181.
A monitoring test for arsenic species in white rice flour was developed and applied to flours made from 20 samples of polished rice collected from locations all over Japan. The arsenic species in white rice flour made from five samples each of four types of rice were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS after a heat-assisted aqueous extraction. The total arsenic and major and minor element concentrations in the white rice flours were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after microwave-assisted digestion. 91 ± 1% of the arsenic in the flours was extractable. Concentrations of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) were closely positively correlated with the total arsenic concentrations. The total arsenic concentration in flours made from rice collected around Japan was 0.15 ± 0.07 mg kg(-1) (highest, 0.32 mg kg(-1)), which is very low. It was thus confirmed that the white rice flour samples collected in this experiment were not suffered from noticeable As contamination. 相似文献
182.
Journal of General Plant Pathology - Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was designed to rapidly detect biovars 1 and 3 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), a serious, global... 相似文献
183.
Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV) and Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) are found in association with big-vein disease of lettuce. Discrimination between the two viruses is critical for elucidating the etiology of big-vein disease. Using specific antibodies to MLBVV and LBVaV for western blotting and exploiting differences between MLBVV and LBVaV in host reaction of cucumber and temperature dependence in lettuce, we separated the two viruses by transfering each virus from doubly infected lettuce plants to cucumber or lettuce plants. A virus-free fungal isolate was allowed to acquire the two viruses individually or together. To confirm the separation, zoospores from MLBVV-, LBVaV-, and dually infected lettuce plants were used for serial inoculations of lettuce seedlings 12 successive times. Lettuce seedlings were infected at each transfer either with MLBVV alone, LBVaV alone, or both viruses together, depending on the virus carried by the vector. Lettuce seedlings infected with MLBVV alone developed the big-vein symptoms, while those infected with LBVaV alone developed no symptoms. In field surveys, MLBVV was consistently detected in lettuce plants from big-vein-affected fields, whereas LBVaV was detected in lettuce plants not only from big-vein-affected fields but also from big-vein-free fields. LBVaV occurred widely at high rates in winter-spring lettuce-growing regions irrespective of the presence of MLBVV and, hence, of the presence of the big-vein disease. 相似文献
184.
Shigeharu Takeuchi Yoshifumi Shimomoto Koichi Ishikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):154-156
A new disease causing necrotic spots and yellowing on leaves of balsam pear (Momordica charantia) was found in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. In this study, we identified the causal pathogen as Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)
based on morphology of virus particles, serology, and the nucleotide sequence of the nucleocapsid protein gene. This is the
first report of natural infection of balsam pear by MYSV. We propose the name spotted wilt for this new disease of balsam
pear. 相似文献
185.
Takuro NAGAHARA Koichi OHNO Itsuma NAGAO Taisuke NAKAGAWA Nozomu YOKOYAMA Aki OHMI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO James K. CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hirotaka TOMIYASU Hajime TSUJIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1295
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is known to induce hypercoagulability and resultant thromboembolism in dogs. We hypothesized that hypercoagulability would improve if remission was obtained in dogs with PLE after treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the coagulation parameters after treatment in dogs diagnosed with PLE. As coagulation parameters, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and antithrombin (AT) were measured. In addition to these parameters, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), which evaluates the comprehensive coagulation and fibrinolysis reactions of whole blood, was conducted and the data of clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), α angle (α), maximum clot firmness (MCF) and lysis index at 60 min (LI60) were obtained. Eleven of the 14 dogs diagnosed with PLE were classified as responders to the treatment based on the changes in their plasma albumin (ALB) concentration after treatment. Significant increase in CFT and decrease of α and MCF indicating the resolution of hypercoagulability were found after treatment in responder dogs; however, there was no significant change in the coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters other than those measured by ROTEM. This study demonstrated that the hypercoagulability detected by ROTEM was significantly improved after treatment in dogs with PLE. 相似文献
186.
Influence of riders’ skill on plasma cortisol levels of horses walking on forest and field trekking courses
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Ayaka Ono Akihiro Matsuura Yumi Yamazaki Wakako Sakai Kentaro Watanabe Toshihiko Nakanowatari Hiroshi Kobayashi Mami Irimajiri Koichi Hodate 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1629-1635
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rider's skill on the plasma cortisol levels of trekking horses on two courses, walking on field and forest courses (about 4.5 to 5.1 km each). Three riders of different skills did horse trekking (HT) in a tandem line under a fixed order: advanced‐leading, beginner‐second and intermediate‐last. A total of six horses were used and they experienced all positions in both courses; a total of 12 experiments were done. Blood samples were obtained before HT, immediately after and 2 h after HT. As a control, additional blood samples were obtained from the same horses on non‐riding days. Irrespective of the course and the rider's skill, the cortisol level before HT was higher than that of control (P < 0.05). In both courses, the cortisol levels immediately after HT ridden by the advanced rider were higher than that of control (P < 0.05). However, in every case, the cortisol level 2 h after HT was closely similar to the level of the control. Thus, we concluded the stress of trekking horse was not sufficient to disturb the circadian rhythm of the cortisol level, irrespective of the course and the rider's skill. 相似文献
187.
Fast‐to‐slow shift of muscle fiber‐type composition by dietary apple polyphenols in rats: Impact of the low‐dose supplementation
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Wataru Mizunoya Shinpei Okamoto Hideo Miyahara Mariko Akahoshi Takahiro Suzuki Mai‐Khoi Q. Do Hideaki Ohtsubo Yusuke Komiya Mulan Qahar Toshiaki Waga Koichi Nakazato Yoshihide Ikeuchi Judy E. Anderson Ryuichi Tatsumi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):489-499
Our previous studies demonstrated that an 8‐week intake of 5% (w/w) apple polyphenol (APP) in the diet improves muscle endurance of young‐adult rats. In order to identify a lower limit of the dietary contribution of APP to the effect, the experiments were designed for lower‐dose supplementation (8‐week feeding of 0.5% APP in AIN‐93G diet) to 12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Results clearly showed that the 0.5% APP diet significantly up‐regulates slower myosin‐heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoform ratios (IIx and IIa relative to total MyHC) and myoglobin expression in lower hind‐limb muscles examined (P < 0.05). There was a trend to increased fatigue resistance detected from measurements of relative isometric plantar‐flexion force torque generated by a stimulus train delivered to the tibial nerve (F(98, 1372) = 1.246, P = 0.0574). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the animal body‐phenotypes or locomotor activity shown as total moving distance in light and dark periods. Therefore, the present study encourages the notion that even low APP‐intake may increase the proportions of fatigue‐resistant myofibers, and has promise as a strategy for modifying performance in human sports and improving function in age‐related muscle atrophy. 相似文献
188.
Koichi Unami Kei Ishida Toshihiko Kawachi Shigeya Maeda Junichiro Takeuchi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(2):105-111
Adults of Carassius auratus grandoculis ascend from Lake Biwa, Japan, into riparian paddy fields via agricultural drainage systems for the purpose of spawning. However,
land improvement works conducted in the second half of the twentieth century have brought about obstacles for passage of the
fish, and several restoration projects to recover the migratory environment are being attempted. A continuous Markov process
model is presented to scientifically support such a project, defining an ascending probability that quantitatively assesses
the ability of an agricultural drainage system with hydraulic structures for the ascent of the fish. Computational methods
are developed to numerically obtain flow fields of the agricultural drainage system and then the ascending probability in
the entire spatio-temporal domain. The values of model parameters are deductively inferred, referring to results of field
observations. From the computational results of the ascending probability in the agricultural drainage system, effects of
hydraulic structures allowing ascent of the fish are clarified. 相似文献
189.
Junichiro Takeuchi Chie Imagawa Toshihiko Kawachi Koichi Unami Shigeya Maeda Tomoki Izumi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(2):175-187
A distributed hydro-environmental model is developed that achieves detailed analysis of the movement of water at a field-plot-scale
resolution in a mesoscale watershed including lowland areas where, especially for agricultures, it is an essential need to
get rid of redundant groundwater by drainage facilities such as rivers, canals and/or underdrains. For this, the problem geometry
is meshed with unstructured cells of triangular shape. Profile of a column cell is zoned into two: surface zone and groundwater
zone in which water movement is represented by combined tank and soil moisture sub-models, and well-defined two-dimensional
unconfined shallow groundwater flow sub-model, respectively. The top-two sub-models serve to evaluate evapotranspiration,
infiltration, soil water content, lateral surface water flow, and vertical percolation. The vertical percolation so evaluated
is given as longitudinal recharge to the bottom sub-model for computing groundwater flow. Surface water–groundwater interactions
through beds and stream-banks of perennial and ephemeral canals are considered by treating the canal courses as internal boundaries
in the groundwater flow model. The finite volume method (FVM) that allows of unstructured mesh and produces conservative solutions
is employed for groundwater flow computation. The model developed is applied to an actual watershed which includes a low-lying
paddy area to quantify the hydrological impact of land-use management practices over a period of 29 years in which the farmland
consolidation project was implemented and part of the paddy fields were converted to upland crop fields and housing lands.
From the results obtained, it is concluded that the model presently developed lends itself to water—as well as land-use management
practices. 相似文献
190.
Yamamoto E Maruyama T Masuno K Fujisawa K Takasu N Tsuchiya N 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(2):91-94
A young male Crl:CD (SD) rat with erythroid leukemia that presented with emaciation, abdominal distension and a pale visible mucosal membrane was euthanized at 7 weeks of age. At necropsy, enlargement of liver, spleen and pancreatic lymph node was noted. Analysis of blood smear samples revealed many mono- or binucleated erythroblasts that had PAS-positive vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Histopathologically, neoplastic proliferation of atypical cells was observed in the hepatic sinusoids, splenic red pulp, bone marrow, pancreatic lymph node, kidney and lung. Neoplastic cells showed a round to spindle shape, and some neoplastic cells had deeply stained small nuclei and small cytoplasms and resembled erythroblasts. Immunohistochemically, many neoplastic cells were positive for hemoglobin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of erythroid leukemia in a rat of this age. The observed features were similar to those of pure erythroid leukemia in humans. 相似文献