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41.
A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on polyclonal antibodies from sheep was used to screen for atrazine in electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) soil extracts without clean-up. Matrix effects were circumvented by diluting the aqueous EUF extracts. The EUF proved to be a convenient method for the extraction of atrazine residues in soil. The efficiency of EUF appeared to be equivalent to that of organic extraction methods except on weathered residues, which generally resulted in lower yields. Both the combined gas chromatography/automated Soxhlet (GC/Soxtec) and the immunochemical technique EIA/EUF yielded similar data for the 26 soil samples identified as positive (> 0.02 mg/kg) during the first screening of 479 EUF extracts by the EIA. 相似文献
42.
Van Eerd LL Stephenson GR Kwiatkowski J Grossmann K Hall JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1144-1151
The physiological and biochemical basis for quinclorac resistance in a false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) biotype was investigated. There was no difference between herbicide resistant (R) and susceptible (S) false cleavers biotypes in response to 2,4-D, clopyralid, glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, or bentazon. On the basis of GR(50) (growth reduction of 50%) or LD(50) (lethal dose to 50% of tested plants) values, the R biotype was highly resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, thifensulfuron-methyl (GR(50) resistance ratio R/S = 57), and quinolinecarboxylic acids (quinclorac R/S = 46), resistant to MCPA (R/S = 12), and moderately resistant to the auxinic herbicides picloram (R/S = 3), dicamba (R/S = 3), fluroxypyr (R/S = 3), and triclopyr (R/S = 2). The mechanism of quinclorac resistance was not due to differences in [(14)C]quinclorac absorption, translocation, root exudation, or metabolism. Seventy-two hours after root application of quinclorac, ethylene increased ca. 3-fold in S but not R plants when compared to controls, while ABA increased ca. 14-fold in S as opposed to ca. 3-fold in R plants suggesting an alteration in the auxin signal transduction pathway, or altered target site causes resistance in false cleavers. The R false cleavers biotype may be an excellent model system to further examine the auxin signal transduction pathway and the mechanism of quinclorac and auxinic herbicide action. 相似文献
43.
Using the soil gas radon as an indicator for ground contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Schubert Klaus Freyer Hans-Christian Treutler Holger Weiß 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2001,1(4):217-222
1 The Problem One of the major problems facing risk assessment at polluted industrial sites and military bases is subsurface contamination
by non-aqueous phase-liquids (NAPLs), since tracing the extent of a NAPL plume using conventional methods (drive point profiling)
is usually associated with difficulties. In an effort to trace subsurface contamination as precisely as possible, monitoring
points are placed in the area that might be affected by contaminants, and groundwater and soil samples are taken to the laboratory
for analysis. However, the final number of monitoring points is hardly ever sufficient for distinctive contamination mapping,
and this may ultimately result in an unsuitable remediation action being taken.
2 Objectives To obtain a more detailed image of a subsurface NAPL plume and, hence, to facilitate remediation measures that are best suited
for the site in question, a denser network of monitoring points is desirable. The aim of the investigation described in this
paper was therefore to develop a new detection method for subsurface NAPL contamination, which is based on an easily accessibleindicator for NAPLs rather than on the analysis of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. Based on the good solubility of
radon in NAPLs, the idea was put forward that subsurface NAPL contamination should have an influence on the natural radon
concentration of the soil gas. Provided this effect is significant, it would be possible to carry out a straightforward radon
survey on an appropriate sampling grid covering the suspected site and thus enabling the NAPL contamination to be detected
by the localization of anomalous low radon concentrations in the soil. The overall aim of the investigation was to assess
the general suitability of the soil-gas radon concentration as an indirect tracer for NAPL contamination in the ground.
3 Methods The partitioning coefficient KNAPL/air is one of the most influential parameters governing the decrease of the radon concentration in the soil gas in the presence
of a subsurface NAPL contamination. Since NAPL mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel and paraffin are among the most important
NAPLs regarding remediation activities, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the radon-partitioning coefficient
for these three NAPL mixtures.
Field experiments were carried out as well. The aim of the field experiments was to test the use of the soil-gas radon concentration
as a tracer for NAPL contamination on-site. For the field experiments, each site was covered with a suitable grid of soil
gas sampling points. Finally, the lateral radon distribution pattern achieved on each of the sites was compared to the respective
findings of the earlier research performed by conventional means.
4 Results and Discussion The results of the laboratory experiments clearly show a very strong affinity of radon to the NAPL mixtures examined. The
partitioning coefficients achieved correspond to those published for pure NAPLs (Clever 1979) and are thus in the expected
range. The results of the field experiments showed that the minimum radon concentrations detected match the respective NAPL
plumes traced previously.
5 Conclusions Both the results of the lab experiments and the on-site findings demonstrate that the soil-gas radon concentration can be
used as an indicator for subsurface NAPL contamination. The investigation showed that NAPL-contaminated soil volumes give
rise to anomalous low soil-gas radon concentrations in the close vicinity of the contamination. The reason for this decrease
in the soil-gas radon concentration is the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, which enables the NAPLs to accumulate and ‘trap’
part of the radon available in the soil pores.
6 Recommendations and Outlook Further research is required into contamination with rather volatile NAPLs such as BTEX. Further research is also needed to
examine whether it is possible to not only localize a NAPL plume, but also to obtain some quantitative information about the
subsurface NAPL contamination. The authors also believe that additional investigations should be carried out to study the
ability of the method to not just localize a NAPL contamination, but also to monitor on-site, clean-up measures. 相似文献
44.
Rusudan K. Beridze Peter Hanelt Džulietta Mandžgaladze Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1987,35(2):335-353
Summary After having finished in 1985 the collection of plant-genetic resources in Western Georgia (the results have been summarized in some tables) joint activities for the collection of indigenous taxa of cultivated plants began for Eastern regions of the Georgian SSR in 1986. The mission took place within the rayon Dueti, which is highly differentiated in geographical respect and stretches beyond the main ridge of the Great Caucasus. Althogether 265 samples could be collected, grain legumes and vegetables represent the most numerous groups but the amount of cereal accessions is not much less; this contrasts sharply with the results from the missions in Western Georgia. The gene-erosion is very advanced in Dueti too, especially for cereals.Triticum carthlicum, T. dicoccon and naked barleys have disappeared within the last decades from the fields. However in isolated settlements the cultivation of old local races ofT. aestivum as well as of barley and rye had been maintained up till now. For breeding purposes and botanically interesting material could be collected also from vegetables, spice plants and grain legumes. Some examples have been shortly characterized.
Sammlung pflanzen-genetischer Ressourcen in der Georgischen SSR 1986
Zusammenfassung Nachdem 1985 die Sammlungen pflanzen-genetischer Ressourcen in Westgeorgien abgeschlossen wurden (in einigen Tabellen werden die Sammelergebnisse kurz zusammengefaßt), wurde 1986 die gemeinsame Sammeltätigkeit zur Erfassung indigener Kulturpflanzen-Sippen in östlichen Gebieten der Georgischen SSR aufgenommen. Die Reise führte in den Rayon Dueti, der geographisch sehr differenziert ist und bis jenseits des Kaukasus-Hauptkammes reicht. Es konnten insgesamt 265 Proben gesammelt werden, unter denen Körnerleguminosen und Gemüse den Hauptanteil einnehmen, denen aber die Getreide (im Gegensatz zu den Sammelergebnissen in Westgeorgien) nur wenig nachstehen. Die Generosion ist auch hier vor allem bei den Getreiden sehr weit fortgeschritten;Triticum carthlicum, T. dicoccon sowie Nacktgersten sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten aus dem Anbau verschwunden. Jedoch hat sich in entlegenen Siedlungen noch die Kultur alter Lokalsorten vonTr. aestivum sowie von Gerste und Roggen erhalten. Auch von Gemüsen, Gewürzpflanzen und Körnerleguminosen konnte botanisch und züchterisch interessantes Material gesammelt werden. Einige Beispiele davon werden kurz charakterisiert.
- 1986
1985 - ( ¶rt;), 1986 , . ¶rt; , . , , 265 , , , , . ¶rt;, , Triticum carthlicum, T. dicoccon . , Tr. aestivum . , , , . .相似文献
45.
46.
Dr. Jürgen Schultze-Motel Dr. Reinhard Fritsch Dr. Karl Hammer Dr. Peter Hanelt Dr. Joachim Kruse Dr. Helga I. Maass Dr. Harald Ohle Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1982,30(2):273-291
Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1980 and 1981 were compiled and briefly discussed.
Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.Stubbe aus Anlaß der 80. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages gewidmet. 相似文献
Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1980/1981
Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1980 und 1981 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.
: 1980–1981 .
, 1980 1981 . .
Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.Stubbe aus Anlaß der 80. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages gewidmet. 相似文献
47.
Jürgen Schultze-Motel Reinhard Fritsch Karl Hammer Peter Hanelt Joachim Kruse Helga I. Maass Harald Ohle Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1990,38(3):417-434
Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1988 and 1989 were compiled and briefly discussed.
Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1988/1989
Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1988 und 1989 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.
: 1988–1989
, 1988 1989 . .相似文献
48.
Estimating balanced structure areas in multi-species forests on the Sierra Madre Occidental,Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian Wehenkel José Javier Corral-Rivas José Ciro Hernández-Díaz Klaus von Gadow 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(2):385-394
• Introduction
This study presents a method for estimating the minimum area which exhibits a balanced diameter distribution, and the corresponding number of trees, for different tree species and forest types in the Santiago Papasquiaro region in the State of Durango, Mexico. The balanced structure area is defined as the minimum contiguous area that is required for sustainable management of a multi-sized selection forest. A multi-sized forest represents a balanced structure unit if the relationship between harvest and growth can be maintained, using a defined target diameter distribution and disregarding major natural disturbances. The study is based on 17,577 sample plots in uneven-aged forests, which are selectively harvested by local communities. 相似文献49.
Putzbach K Krucker M Albert K Grusak MA Tang G Dolnikowski GG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(3):671-677
The structures of biosynthetic deuterated carotenoids in labeled vegetables were investigated: (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-beta-carotene from spinach, and (all-E)-beta-carotene and (all-E)-alpha-carotene from carrots. The vegetables were grown hydroponically using a nutrient solution enriched with deuterium oxide (D(2)O) and were extracted using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Deuterium enrichment in the carotenoid molecules was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). (all-E)-Lutein and (all-E)-beta-carotene in spinach showed partial deuteration from (2)H(1) to (2)H(12), with the abundance maximum at (2)H(5). (all-E)-beta-Carotene and (all-E)-alpha-carotene from carrots showed partial deuteration from (2)H(1) to (2)H(17), with the abundance maximum at (2)H(11). The (1)H NMR spectra of the four deuterated carotenoids showed additional signals for all methyl groups and decreased signal intensity for the olefinic protons and the methylene protons in the ring. These differences are due to isotopic effects and are based on the substitution of protons by deuterium atoms. The deuteration was distributed randomly throughout the carotenoid molecules. 相似文献
50.
Xiaoyan Cao Charisma Lattao Klaus Schmidt-Rohr Jingdong Mao Joseph J. Pignatello 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(7):1841-1848