Forstschädlingsauftreten in Tirol 1945–1952

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin

BackgroundThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability.Hypothesis/ObjectivesPermeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures.AnimalsForty dogs with MUO and 12 dogs without MUO.MethodsRetrospective, prospective cohort study. Both dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) methods were used to evaluate of BBB permeability in affected (DCE, n = 8; SEA, n = 32) and control dogs (DCE, n = 6; SEA, n = 6). Association between BBB dysfunction (BBBD) score and clinical characteristics was examined. In brain regions where BBBD was identified by DCE or SEA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 were performed to detect albumin extravasation, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, respectively.ResultsDogs with BBBD had significantly higher seizure prevalence (72% vs 19%; P = .01) when compared to MUO dogs with no BBBD. The addition of SEA to routine MRI evaluation increased the identification rate of brain pathology in dogs with MUO from 50% to 72%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceImaging‐based assessment of BBB integrity has the potential to predict risk of seizures in dogs with MUO.     

Carbon storage in loess derived surface soils from Central Germany: Influence of mineral phase variables

The influence of the soil mineral phase on organic matter storage was studied in loess derived surface soils of Central Germany. The seven soils were developed to different genetic stages. The carbon content of the bulk soils ranged from 8.7 to 19.7 g kg^—1. Clay mineralogy was confirmed to be constant, with illite contents > 80 %. Both, specific surface area (SSA, BET‐N₂‐method) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of bulk soils after carbon removal were better predictors of carbon content than clay content or dithionite‐extractable iron. SSA explained 55 % and CEC 54 % of the variation in carbon content. The carbon loadings of the soils were between 0.57 and 1.06 mg C m^—2, and therefore in the ”︁monolayer equivalent” (ME) level. The increase in SSA after carbon removal (ΔSSA) was significantly and positively related to carbon content (r² = 0.77). Together with CEC of carbon‐free samples, ΔSSA explained 90 % of the variation in carbon content. Clay (< 2 μm) and fine silt fractions (2—6.3 μm) contained 68—82 % of the bulk soil organic carbon. A significantly positive relationship between carbon content in the clay fraction and in the bulk soil was observed (r² = 0.95). The carbon pools of the clay and fine silt fractions were characterized by differences in C/N ratio, δ¹³C ratio, and enrichment factors for carbon and nitrogen. Organic matter in clay fractions seems to be more altered by microbes than organic matter in fine silt fractions. The results imply that organic matter accumulates in the fractions of smallest size and highest surface area, apparently intimately associated with the mineral phase. The amount of cations adhering to the mineral surface and the size of a certain and specific part of the surface area (ΔSSA) are the mineral phase properties which affect the content of the organic carbon in loess derived arable surface soils in Central Germany most. There is no monolayer of organic matter on the soil surfaces even if carbon loadings are in the ME level.     

Inheritance and linkage analysis of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus and powdery mildew in melon

A melon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding line derived from PI 414723 is resistant to three potyviruses,watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), and to powdery mildew (PM). The inheritance and linkage relationships of these four resistances were studied in a segregating F2 population and derived F3 families from a cross between cultivar Top Mark and the resistant breeding line. Dominant monogenic inheritance of all four resistances was observed. We report that line 414723-4S3, which was initially selected as a source of ZYMV and WMV resistance, is also a source of dominant monogenic resistances to PRSV and PM race 1. We also report on genetic linkage (significant departure from independent segregation, χ² = 58.1, p≪ 0.0001) between resistance to WMV and ZYMV. The map distance between these loci was estimated to be 7.5 cm. The genes for resistance to PM and PRSV segregated independently from each other, and from ZYMV and WMV resistance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Wanderverhalten von Nonnenraupen unter dem Einflß von Metalleffekten

Investigations were made on migration-behaviour of caterpillars ofLymantria monacha influenced by pure metals, whose effects together with those of electric-magnetical powers are normally effective inside of zones of earth radiatons in fields. It was ascertained, that attraction of food, lying in different distances from the metals varied between normal zones and zones of earth-radiations. Inside of zones of earth-radiations the larvae were found very numerous (90–100%) on twigs next the metal, but inside of normal zones 40% and more migrated to food in maximal distance of the metal. From these results it can be assumed, that metals inside of normal-zones very likely restrict the caterpillars, but inside of zones of earth-radiations they seem to atract them. In the first case probably additional metal effects serve for diminishing of too strong electric-magnetical powers. The migration behaviour inside of normal zones influenced by metals would be in coincidence with preceding trials with nun-caterpillars inside of metal-zones, where the larvae showed a very high mortality. Diseased larvae were assembled nearly 100% by food in minimal distance of the metals.     

Zum Einfluß einiger Standortfaktoren auf die Tannentrieblaus,Dreyfusia Nüsslini C. B.

Influence of some site factors on White Fir Woolly Aphid, Dreyfusia Nüsslini C. B. By observing Silver fir (Abies alba) seedling it cloud be proved that they show a far greater susceptibility to damage byDreyfusia Nüsslini in sunny sites than in shady ones. The inclination for attack is far higher in biophysical fields under the same light conditions. Transplantation of all 8 year old seedlings to sunny sites showed a high increase of attack, especially noticeable for trees that had grown in shady sites and had been nearly all spared from attack before transplantation.     

The cat as a possible infection source for Chlamydia psittaci keratoconjunctivitis in humans

Acute follicular keratoconjunctivitis in a 25-year-old female patient was diagnosed as an infection with Chlamydia psittaci supposedly originating from a household cat with similar symptoms. The diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, the appearance of Chlamydia-psittaci-specific IgM in the patient and the cat, and excluded other pathogenic agents. Chlamydiae organisms could not be isolated, probably due to prior antibiotic treatment. Two weeks of continuous treatment led to complete recovery of the patient and the cat. Other zoonotic infections of conjunctivitis in cats and keratoconjunctivitis in man caused by Chlamydia psittaci are mentioned.     

Die Fichtengespinstblattwespe,Cephalcia abietis L., als gefährlicher Bestandes- und Kulturschädling in Österreich

The Spruce Pamphilid, Cephalcia abietis L., a pest dangerous to young and old spruce stands in Austria Continous of the spruce, fir and beech growth area on ranges in the northeast (from 1966 onwards) and southwest (from 1970 onwards) of the Waldviertel (Lower Austria) have shown that in connection with other unfavorable effects (rime) this species can become a dangerous pest. In areas reforested with apruce - on clearing which have resulted from feeding -already in the year of reforestation and in the following one eggs were deposited. Feeding took place on old needles and on needles of the May shoots. Retrogradation began after two stages of eruption on the southern and after one on the northern elevations. It was found out that by unfavorable environmental condition emergence of 200 imagines per sqm to obvious and even high losses. In initial populations of the same feeding period in which increases of populations by migration did not take place, generations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years could be proved. Factors of the biotic environment resistance (parasitic insects, bacteria, fungi) have been of importance for the reduction of young larvae in the soil only in the third year of retrogradation: in the second year virus diseases have caused in the southwest considerable dying of the young larvae in the crowns.Phosphorus insecticides, applied with ULV-methods, killed 50–80% of the young larvae. Lindan was used with success for the treatment of forestations.     

Investigations in the regulation of common bunt (Tilletia tritici) of winter wheat with regard to threshold values,cultivar susceptibility and non-chemical protection measures

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The objectives of the present study were the determination of treatment threshold values for control of common bunt of wheat (Tilletia tritici) and...     

Effect of an Introduced Phytoene Synthase Gene Expression on Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Carotenoids exert beneficial effects on human health through their excellent antioxidant activity. To increase carotenoid productivity in the marine Pennales Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we genetically engineered the phytoene synthase gene (psy) to improve expression because RNA-sequencing analysis has suggested that the expression level of psy is lower than other enzyme-encoding genes that are involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. We isolated psy from P. tricornutum, and this gene was fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene to detect psy expression. After transformation using the microparticle bombardment technique, we obtained several P. tricornutum transformants and confirmed psy expression in their plastids. We investigated the amounts of PSY mRNA and carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and β-carotene, at different growth phases. The introduction of psy increased the fucoxanthin content of a transformants by approximately 1.45-fold relative to the levels in the wild-type diatom. However, some transformants failed to show a significant increase in the carotenoid content relative to that of the wild-type diatom. We also found that the amount of PSY mRNA at log phase might contribute to the increase in carotenoids in the transformants at stationary phase.