半夏SSR分子标记开发与遗传多样性

对半夏转录组数据进行分析,设计开发SSR引物,利用筛选出的SSR引物分析不同居群间半夏的遗传多样性,为半夏分子标记辅助育种提供支撑。结果显示:筛选出的19对多态性较高的引物在17个半夏居群中共检测到49个多态性位点,具有较高的多态性;利用UPGMA作图共将17个半夏居群分为3个类群;通过分子方差分析(AMOVA)发现半夏居群内的变异达到88%,说明群体与群体间的差异相对较小,遗传变异主要来源于个体间;居群间平均分化系数Fst为0.124,居群间基因流Nm值为1.765,表明居群间能正常地进行基因交流,且居群间遗传分化受基因流的影响较大。本研究利用SSR技术开发的19对SSR引物在不同半夏居群间具有一定的通用性、多态性,能将17份半夏材料明确区分。     

Reducing tillage intensity affects the cumulative emergence dynamics of annual grass weeds in winter cereals

Annual grass weeds such as Apera spica‐venti and Vulpia myuros are promoted in non‐inversion tillage systems and winter cereal‐based crop rotations. Unsatisfactory weed control in these conditions is often associated with a poor understanding of the emergence pattern of these weed species. The aim of this study was to investigate, understand and model the cumulative emergence patterns of A. spica‐venti, V. myuros and Poa annua in winter cereals grown in three primary tillage regimes: (i) mouldboard ploughing, (ii) pre‐sowing tine cultivation to 8–10 cm soil depth and (iii) direct drilling. Direct drilling delayed the cumulative emergence of A. spica‐venti and V. myuros (counted together) in contrast with ploughing, while the emergence pattern of P. annua was unaffected by the type of tillage system. The total density of emerged weed seedlings varied between the tillage systems and years with a higher total emergence seen under direct drilling, followed by pre‐sowing tine cultivation and ploughing. The emergence patterns of all species were differently influenced by the tillage systems, suggesting that under direct drilling, in which these species occur simultaneously, management interventions should first and foremost consider that A. spica‐venti and V. myuros emerge over a longer period to avoid control failures.     

氮素水平对芥蓝生长及芥子油苷含量的影响

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同供氮水平对芥蓝生物量及抗癌次生代谢物芥子油苷含量的影响。结果表明,氮素水平从N100 mg/L到常规营养液的 N 200 mg/L范围内,芥蓝地上部、根部及菜苔鲜重均随供N水平的提高而显著增加,但菜苔总芥子油苷含量却随供N水平提高而显著降低;当N素水平提高到N 300~400 mg/L时,芥蓝生物量不再显著增加;而菜苔总芥子油苷含量相对于N 150和200 mg/L处理却显著增加。由于脂肪族和吲哚族芥子油苷分别来源于不同的氨基酸,两者的含量随供N水平的变化趋势不同。脂肪族芥子油苷含量以N 100 mg/L处理最高,是常规供N (200 mg/L)处理的1.2倍,吲哚族芥子油苷以400 mg/L处理最高,是常规供N处理的1.5倍。显然,在常规营养液的供N水平下,可以获得理想的芥蓝生物产量;但适当提高供N水平,在保证高产的同时可显著提高芥蓝菜苔的芥子油苷含量,有利于提高其抗癌品质。     

芥蓝芥子油苷提取条件优化研究

采用正交试验设计,研究了提取温度、提取剂甲醇浓度(V/V)、提取时间和待测物质与提取液比例(简称“物液比”) 对芥蓝菜薹中芥子油苷(总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷和总吲哚族芥子油苷)提取效果的影响。结果表明,物液比和提取温度对总芥子油苷、总脂肪族芥子油苷和总吲哚族芥子油苷提取效果影响显著(P<0.05),而甲醇浓度和提取时间对芥子油苷提取率无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑提取效果和成本,芥蓝中芥子油苷最佳提取条件为75℃,物液比1∶45(g∶mL),甲醇浓度70%,提取时间5 min。在该条件下,总芥子油苷提取量为8.31 μmol/g DW,总脂肪族芥子油苷提取总量为7.58 μmol/g DW,总吲哚族脂肪族芥子油苷提取总量为0.73 μmol/g DW。     

祁连县小麦“3414”肥效试验

在中等肥力的地块进行小麦"3414"肥效试验,结果表明,该立地小麦最佳施肥量为纯N130.7kghm-2,P2O5131.1kghm-2,K2O60.0kghm-2。     

甜菜RAPD反应体系优化及亲缘关系研究

利用正交试验设计,从Mg~(2+)、dNTP、引物、Taq酶和模板5种因素5个水平上对甜菜RAPD反应体系进行优化,确立了适合甜菜RAPD反应体系:25μL反应体系中含1×Buffer、1.0 mmol/LMg~(2+)、1U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.25 mmol/LdNTP、0.4μmol/L随机引物和25 ngDNA模板。利用优化的RAPD反应体系对38个甜菜品种进行亲缘关系分析。结果表明,38个品种之间的多态性比较高,变异大。聚类图结果表明,38个甜菜品种遗传距离的变异范围在0.14～0.72。当以遗传距离0.50来划分时,可将38个品种分为两大类,以遗传距离0.40来划分时,又可以把第2大类分为6个亚类。结果显示,RAPD优化体系适合甜菜亲缘关系鉴定。     

湖羊在西北寒旱地区行为学和生理指标的观测

为了研究西北寒冷干旱气候条件下湖羊的行为和生理指标变化,进而为西北地区湖羊引种提供数据支持和理论依据,本试验选用12只(公、母各半)舍饲周岁湖羊,通过近红外摄像技术研究了不同季节(A因子,A₁夏季,A₂冬季)、性别(B因子,B₁♂,B₂♀)和不同时段(C因子,C₁昼,C₂夜)条件下湖羊的采食、饮水、反刍、卧息等行为。结果表明,季节因子(A因子)对湖羊采食、卧息、反刍等行为均有极显著影响(P<0.01);性别因子(B因子)仅对湖羊采食和卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05);昼夜因子(C因子)对湖羊的卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对其采食和反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。季节和性别的交互作用对湖羊采食行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其余因子间交互作用对湖羊行为学无显著影响。试验羊体温、心跳、呼吸频率和血常规等生理指标均在正常范围内。以上结果说明湖羊在当地表现出了良好的适应性,在西北地区引种湖羊可行。     

玉树地区农机安全监督管理刍议

文章重点介绍了农机安全生产管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了安全生产管理的对策,为玉树州的农机的安全生产提供技术指导.     

中国美利奴羊育种信息管理系统开发

以提高育种资料管理和利用效率为目的,提出基于Visual FoxPro6.0软件开发中国美利奴羊育种信息管理系统的设计思路,阐述了系统的结构和所具备的基本功能.     

Resting metabolic rates increase with elevation in a mountain‐dwelling lizard

Individuals that inhabit broad elevational ranges may experience unique environmental challenges. Because temperature decreases with increased elevation, the ectotherms living at high elevations have to manage limited activity time and high thermoregulatory effort. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) of a postabsorptive animal is related to its total energy requirements as well as many other fitness traits. Mesquite lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) living on La Malinche Volcano, Mexico, inhabit a wide elevational range with some populations apparently thriving above the tree line. We measured the RMR of lizards from different elevations (i.e., 2,600, 3,200, and 4,100 m) at four ecologically relevant temperatures (i.e., 15, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and found that RMR of mesquite lizards increased with temperature and body mass. More importantly, lizards from the high‐elevation population had mass specific RMR that was higher at all temperatures. While the higher RMRs of high‐elevation populations imply higher metabolic costs at a given temperature these lizards were also smaller. Both of these traits may allow these high elevation populations to thrive in the face of the thermal challenges imposed by their environment.