CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC 18F‐FDG UPTAKE WITH PET‐CT IN DOGS

We evaluated the whole body distribution of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d ‐glucose (¹⁸F‐FDG) in seven beagle dogs using positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The mean and maximum standard uptake values (SUV) for various tissues were computed. The SUV of the aortic blood pool was 0.65±0.19. Moderate uptake was present in brain (3.40±1.01). Mild uptake was present in orbital muscles, soft palate, laryngeal and pharyngeal region, mandibular salivary gland, myocardium, liver, pancreas, kidney, and intestine. ¹⁸F‐FDG uptake would be normally higher in these tissues because of normal physiologic activity. Mean and maximum SUV values of the eye, skeletal muscle, bone tissue, spleen, adrenal gland, stomach, tongue, gall bladder, and lung were similar to or lower than that of the aortic blood pool. These data provide a normal baseline for comparing pathologic ¹⁸F‐FDG uptake.     

SLA typing using the PCR‐SSP method and establishment of the SLA homozygote line in pedigreed SNU miniature pigs

Seoul National University (SNU) miniature pigs represent a closed colony with 24 founder pigs and a well preserved pedigree. Characterization using mRNA sequence analysis was conducted for 6 swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) loci in parental or founder pigs, and 17 defined alleles were detected. Based on these complete coding sequences, 17 sequence specific primers (SSPs) were designed for polymorphic sites. To validate the specificity of each allele SSP, the PCR‐SSP was conducted with defined allele clones as templates. PCR‐SSP was conducted with the hot start polymerase and touch‐down PCR. The parental or found SNU miniature pigs showed overall SLA class I and II heterozygotes. Using the established PCR‐SSP method, we conducted SLA typing for breeding stock including 2 pedigreed pigs and identified the novel SLA class II homozygote haplotye (DRA*0201, DRB1*0403, DQA*0102 and DQB1*0701) and 2 SLA homozygote pig lines: SLA class I Hp‐3.0 and class II Hp‐0.3, and SLA class I Hp‐2.0 and class II Hp‐0.2. We thought that our PCR‐SSP SLA typing method could be applicable for new SLA homozygote line establishment by assignment and scheduled breeding.     

Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance,diarrheal incidence and immune‐response of neonatal calves

The effects of partial substitution of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for soybean meal (SBM) on immune‐physiological parameters, growth performance and diarrheal incidence in neonatal calves after microbial infection were investigated. Holstein calves (n = 12) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: the SBM and the FSBM group. The latter group received a calf starter containing 5% FSBM instead of SBM. In order to evaluate the immunocompetence against microbial infection, all calves were challenged with porcine live vaccine by intramuscular injection at 21 days of age. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were significantly less (P < 0.05) in the FSBM group compared to those in the SBM group at 21 and 42 days of age. Feeding FSBM starter resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) relative amount of bacterial‐specific IgA than those on SBM at days 5 and 14 post‐microbial infection (DPMI). Viral‐specific IgA also increased (P < 0.05) at 5 DPMI in the FSBM group when compared to the SBM group. The average concentration of haptoglobin of calves fed FSBM was generally higher at 3 DPMI. Our results indicate that FSBM plays a role in the alleviation of diarrhea and in the production of immune‐related effector cells such as IgA and haptoglobin in calves.     

Phylogenetic analysis for the Seoul National University (Minnesota) miniature pig by mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism

Seoul National University (SNU) miniature pigs are originated from the Minnesota miniature pig. This study was conducted to investigate the maternal origin of SNU (Minnesota) miniature pigs and their phylogenetic relationships by analyzing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D‐loop (control region) sequence. Two mtDNA D‐loop sequences of the SNU miniature pigs were identified. On an unweighted pair‐group method with an arithmetic mean (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree analysis, the large white was the pig breed closest to the SNU miniature pig, and the pairwise distance analysis showed the same result. While mtDNA sequences of 4 pig breeds which were used to establish Minnesota miniature pig were not known, our result might be different from the history of the Minnesota miniature pig development. In conclusion, we thought that some haplotypes of the Minnesota miniature pig maternally were originated from the Large white pig, or that wild pigs had similar mtDNA sequences to the Large white pig, and all SNU miniature pigs were derived from this colony.     

欧文氏杆菌CXJZ95-198甘露聚糖酶基因N端缺失表达

用PCR的方法从甘露聚糖酶高产菌欧文氏杆菌CXJZ95-198中克隆到甘露聚糖酶基因manA全长以及其N端缺失81、111、141 bp的片段,连接到pET28a载体再转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,用透明圈法鉴定其酶活性.结果表明,删除了manA N端111 bp的翻译产物依然具有酶活性,删除了N端141 bp的翻译产物无酶活性,manA N端111～141 be可能具有重要意义.     

Allelopathic effect of the root exudates of K21, a potent allelopathic rice

An inhibitory effect of the phenolic compounds released from the roots of K21, a newly bred potent allelopathic rice, was investigated in comparison to its male parent, Kouketsumochi, and its female parent, Dongjinbyeo. The inhibitory rates of the root exudates of K21 and both of its parents, collected at 5 day intervals, on the shoot growth of Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola exhibited an increasing trend from 19–34 days after seeding (DAS). However, the root exudates of K21, at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%, showed a greater inhibitory effect than those of its female parent on the growth of E. crus-galli var. praticola at the earlier collection dates. Nine phenolic compounds were identified; the total amount of phenolic compounds in the exudates increased from 19–34 DAS in both K21 and its male parent, but not much in the female parent. The subsequent increase in the amount of total phenolic compounds in the root exudates of the later investigation dates and the trend of increasing inhibitory rates on the shoot growth of E. crus-galli var. praticola at higher exudate concentrations imply that the increased amount of phenolic acids in the root exudates of K21 secreted on the subsequent dates could be related to its greater allelopathic effects.     

华梵前山校区风速统计分布之探讨

研究针对华梵前山气象站2002年5月至2006年12月之小时风速资料进行统计分析,探讨华梵前山风速资料之分布是否合乎韦伯分布(Weibull distribution)及莱利分布(Rayleigh distribution).研究中韦伯分布使用动差法(Method of moment)及最大概似法(Method of maximum likelihood)求取参数;莱利分布使用动差法求取参数.进一步以K-S检定,判断各理论累积机率分布与观测值之累积机率是否相符;再以误差绝对值之总和判断何种分布较为适合.分析结果显示:韦伯分布与莱利分布均可适用于描述全部数据之机率分布.将资料分为夏半年(4-9月)与冬半年(10月至翌年3月)时,韦伯分布为最适用之机率分布函数;且夏半年之参数以最大概似法求得最佳,而冬半年则以动差法较佳.此结果可作为校区风蚀、防灾、生态、环境风场特性及评估风能潜势研究之参考.     

科尔沁沙地东南部植被类型变化对土壤磷素状况的影响

In the past 50 years, large areas of the Horqin sandy land were afforested to prevent desertification. Although the afforestation policy appears successful, many people now doubt whether it is suitable to plant trees with high density on the poor soils in semiarid regions. Little is known about the impacts of afforestation on the sandy soil properties, although the evaluation of these impacts is fundamental to judge the rationality of afforestation policy. Soil phosphorus （P） fractions, acid phosphomonoesterase activities, and other soil chemical properties were compared among five adjoining typical ecosystems on poor sandy soils in southeastern Horqin sandy land. The ecosystems studied are natural elm savanna, degraded grassland, Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation, Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis） plantation, and mixed plantation of Mongolian pine and poplar （Populus simonii）. The results showed that organic P dominated soil P （47%-65%） was the principal source of available P. The degradation of elm savanna to grassland significantly reduced soil pH and resulted in an overall reduction in soil fertility, although slightly increased labile inorganic P. Grassland afforestation had no significant influence on soil pH, organic carbon, and total N but significantly reduced total P. Impacts of grassland afforestation on soil P fractions depended on tree species. Natural elm savanna had higher soil P conserving ability than artificial plantations. Therefore, with the aim of developing a sustainable ecosystem, we suggested that vegetations with low nutrient demand （particularly P） and efficient nutrient cycling would be more suitable for ecosystem restoration in the semiarid region.     

日最大降水量与时最大降水量于台湾地区频率分析适用性之研究

在台湾地区地形、环境特殊的情况下,再加上气候等因素,导致灾害频仍,而发生灾害之主因以降雨为主,故针对日最大降水量及时最大降水量进行频率分析,依气象站所设21个气象站分北、中、南、东4区域为分析对象,分析采用常态分布法、对数常态分布法、极端值第1类分布、皮尔逊第3类分布及对数皮尔逊第3类分布5种分布。以5种不同之频率分析方式求得各频率年（5,10,50,100,200 a）之分析数值,再利用标准差检定法,寻求标准偏差最小之数值。由研究结果得知:无论是以日最大降雨量或时最大降雨量而言,台湾全区皆建议采用对数皮尔逊第3类分布作为频率分析之推估。