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91.
Anne Reuter Kerstin Müller Gisela Arndt Johanna Corinna Eule 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(Z1):80-85
Objective To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by the TonoVet® rebound tonometer. Animals studied Freshly enucleated healthy eyes of 44 free‐ranging birds of prey out of the species Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Strix aluco, Asio otus and Tyto alba euthanized because of unrelated health problems. Procedures IOP readings from the TonoVet® were compared with a manometric device, with IOP being set from 5 to 100 mmHg in steps of 5 mmHg by adjusting the height of a NaCl solution reservoir connected to the eye. Reproducibility of the TonoVet® readings was determined by repeated measurements. Results TonoVet® and manometer values showed a strong linear correlation. In the Accipitridae, the TonoVet® tended to increasingly overestimate IOP with increasing pressure, while in the other families, it increasingly underestimated it. In the Sparrowhawk, the values almost represent the ideal line. Reproducibility of TonoVet® values decreases with increasing pressure in the clinically important range from 5 to 60 mmHg. Conclusion IOP values measured with the TonoVet® demonstrated species specific deviation from the manometric measurements. These differences should be considered when interpreting IOP values. Using the regression formulae presented, corrected IOP values could be calculated in a clinical setting. 相似文献
92.
Lise Nistrup Jorgensen Mogens Stovring Hovmoller Jens Gronbaek Hansen Poul Lassen BillClark Rosemary Bayles Bernd Rodemann Kerstin Flath Margot Jahn Tomas Goral JerzyCzembor j Philip Cheyron Claude Maumene Claude De Pope Rita Ban Ghita Cordsen Nielsen Gunilla Berg 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):265-281
Information about disease management in winter wheat (Triticum aestiva) in eight European countries was collated and analysed by scientists and extension workers within the European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies (ENDURE). This included information about specific disease thresholds, decision support systems, host varieties, disease prevalence and pathogen virulence. Major differences in disease prevalence and economic importance were observed. Septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) was recognized as the most yield reducing disease in countries with intensive wheat production, but also rust diseases (Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and Fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.) were seen as serious disease problems. Examples of current integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in different countries have been reported. Disease management and fungicide use patterns showed major differences, with an average input equivalent to 2.3 full dose rates (TFI) in the UK and a TFI of 0.6 in Denmark. These differences are most likely due to a combination of different cropping systems, climatic differences, disease prevalence, and socio-economic factors. The web based information platform www.eurowheat.org was used for dissemination of information and results including information on control thresholds, cultural practices which can influence disease attack, fungicide efficacy, fungicide resistance, and pathogen virulence, which are all elements supporting 1PM for disease control in wheat. The platform is open to all users. The target groups of EuroWheat information are researchers, advisors, breeders, and similar partners dealing with disease management in wheat. 相似文献
93.
94.
R. Langhorn I. Tarnow J.L. Willesen M. Kjelgaard‐Hansen I.M. Skovgaard J. Koch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1485-1491
Background
Myocardial injury detected by cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnT) in cardiac disease is associated with increased risk of death in humans and dogs.Hypothesis
Presence of myocardial injury predicts long‐term death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and ongoing myocardial injury reflects change in left ventricular wall thickness over time.Animals
Thirty‐six cats with primary HCM.Methods
Prospective cohort study. Cats with HCM were included consecutively and examined every 6 months. Echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure, and serum cTnI and cTnT were evaluated at each visit. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic potential of serum troponin concentrations at admission and subsequent examinations. Correlations were used to examine associations between troponin concentrations and cardiac hypertrophy.Results
Troponin concentrations at admission were median [range] 0.14 [0.004–1.02] ng/mL for cTnI, and 13 [13–79.5] ng/L for cTnT. Both were prognostic for death (P = .032 and .026) as were the last available concentrations of each (P = .016 and .003). The final cTnT concentration was a significant predictor of death even when adjusting for the admission concentration (P = .043). In a model containing both markers, only cTnT remained significant (P = .043). Left ventricular free wall thickness at end‐diastole (LVFWd) at admission was correlated with cTnI at admission (r = 0.35, P = .035), however no significant correlations (r = 0.2–0.31, P = .074–.26) were found between changes in troponin concentrations and left ventricular thickness over time.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Myocardial injury is part of the pathophysiology leading to disease progression and death. Low sensitivities and specificities prevent outcome prediction in individual cats. 相似文献95.
96.
97.
Albrecht C Blank K Lalic-Mülthaler M Hirler S Mai T Gilbert I Schiffmann S Bayer T Clausen-Schaumann H Gaub HE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5631):367-370
Direct quantification of biomolecular interaction by single-molecule force spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful tool for materials and life sciences. We introduce an approach in which the unbinding forces required to break intermolecular bonds are measured in a differential format by comparison with a known reference bond (here, a short DNA duplex). In addition to a marked increase in sensitivity and force resolution, which enabled us to resolve single-base pair mismatches, this concept allows for highly specific parallel assays. This option was exploited to overcome cross-reactions of antibodies in a protein biochip application. 相似文献
98.
Kerstin?Hund-RinkeEmail author Monika?Lindemann Markus?SimonEmail author 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(4):233-239
Goal, Scope and Background The earthworm avoidance test is a sensitive screening test. Currently, two test designs, a two-chamber system and a six-chamber
system, are under standardization. In the scope of the present study, the two test systems are compared. To assess the results,
two procedures are applied, which are based on a threshold value and a statistical method. Moreover, the sensitivity of the
avoidance test is compared with the sensitivity of the reproduction test.
Methods The avoidance behaviour of E. fetida towards five chemicals (Cd, Cu, PCP, TBT, TNT) was tested in a sandy and a loamy soil.
The ecotoxicological test was performed according to the draft guideline ISO/DIS 17512-1. The results were compared with the
number of offspring determined in the reproduction test carried out according to ISO 11268-2.
Results and Discussion The results demonstrate that the avoidance behaviour towards organic chemicals and heavy metals is a suitable screening method
showing first tendencies of a chemical's effects on the habitat function of soils. Effects caused by chemical substances become
visible at low concentrations and within short test periods. The sensitivity of the reproduction test and the avoidance test
is principally comparable; in some cases, the avoidance test showed more sensitive reactions. The dose-response-relationships
were more pronounced in the two-chamber test than in the six-chamber-system.
Recommendation and Outlook The two-chamber-system proved to be more feasible than the six-chamber-system. As the sensitivity of the avoidance test and
the reproduction test is comparable, the avoidance test can be considered as a suitable screening test as well. A possible
field of application may be the selection of soil samples for which the reproduction assay seems necessary. To assess contaminated
or remediated soils, the earthworm reproduction test is recommended as an indicator for the habitat function of the soils.
To reduce costs, the labour intensive reproduction test could be largely replaced by the avoidance test in performing the
earth-worm reproduction test only for relevant samples.
Before the Draft International Standard of the guideline will be adopted as an ISO Guideline, there will be sufficient time
left to gain further international experience required to finalize the method. 相似文献
99.
Fandohan P Gbenou JD Gnonlonfin B Hell K Marasas WF Wingfield MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(22):6824-6829
Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from local plants in Benin, western Africa, and oil from seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides infection and fumonisin contamination. Fumonisin in corn was quantified using a fluorometer and the Vicam method. Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of F. verticillioides at lower concentrations over 21 days of incubation. These oils reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growth at concentrations of 8, 6.4, and 4.8 microL/g, respectively, over 21 days. At the concentration of 4.8 microL/g, these oils did not affect significantly fumonisin production. However, a marked reduction of fumonisin level was observed in corn stored in closed conditions. The oils adversely affected kernel germination at 4.8 microL/g and therefore cannot be recommended for controlling F. verticillioides on stored corn used as seeds, when used at this concentration. The oil of neem seeds showed no inhibitory effect but rather accelerated the growth of F. verticillioides. 相似文献
100.