全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1959篇 |
免费 | 92篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 157篇 |
农学 | 87篇 |
基础科学 | 5篇 |
261篇 | |
综合类 | 102篇 |
农作物 | 53篇 |
水产渔业 | 188篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 1055篇 |
园艺 | 23篇 |
植物保护 | 133篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 47篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 124篇 |
2012年 | 121篇 |
2011年 | 122篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 113篇 |
2007年 | 117篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 123篇 |
2004年 | 102篇 |
2003年 | 104篇 |
2002年 | 67篇 |
2001年 | 58篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2064条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
71.
Kenji Ono Motohiro Hasegawa Makoto Araki Masahiro Amari Masakazu Hiraide 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(4):255-261
We examined the relationships between the absorptional characteristics in the near infrared region and the chemical changes
of decomposing beech (Fagus crenata) and pine (Pinus densiflora) litters. Spectra as well as the concentrations of chemical substances approached each other and converged with decomposition,
although both initial characteristics differed markedly between beech and pine. This indicated that the fundamental chemical
structures were almost the same, although their organochemical composition differed. Specific absorption bands for lignin,
polysaccharide, and protein were identified at 2,140 and 1,670 nm, 2,270, 1,720, 1,590, and 1,216 nm, and 2,350 nm, respectively.
Absorbance at 1,670 nm, peculiar band of aromatics, showed a positive correlation with lignin concentration, which suggested
the relative increment of aromatics due to condensed lignin in decomposing litters. Absorbance at 2,140 nm, characterized
as the C–H bond in HRC = CHR, showed a negative correlation with lignin concentration, which suggested the decrements of some
structures such as side-chains in lignin polymers unrelated to aromatics. Absorbance at 2,270, 1,720, and 1,216 nm, specified
to O–H/C–O/C–H bonds in saccharide, might reflect the change of polysaccharide during decomposition because they showed a
positive correlation to polysaccharide concentration. In the same way, absorbance at 2,350 nm, identified to the C–H/CH2 bonds in protein, showed a negative correlation to nitrogen concentration in decomposing litters, which might indicate that
the C–H/CH2 bonds in protein decreased with decomposition due to microbial consumption of carbon in protein. Our findings suggested the
possibility that the spectral changes indicate the litter digestibility during decomposition and that also explain the compositional
change in decomposing litters. 相似文献
72.
Binderless boards were prepared from finely ground powders of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core under varying manufacturing conditions. This research was designed to investigate their mechanical properties and evaluate the various manufacturing conditions: pressing temperature and time, pressing pressure, board density, board thickness, grain size of raw materials, and addition of furfural. The mechanical properties (i.e., modulus of rupture and elasticity, internal bonding strength) of boards increased with increasing board density and met the requirement for 15 type medium-density fiberboard (MDF) by JIS A 5905-1994. Thickness swelling and water absorption of boards exceeded the maximum permitted levels for 15 type MDF and S20 grade hardboard by JIS A 5905-1994, which indicates the low water-resistant property of binderless boards. In contrast to that in usual wood-based materials, internal bonding strength showed significant correlations with other board properties: modulus of rupture and elasticity, thickness swelling, and water absorption. We confirmed experimentally that the best manufacturing conditions proved to be as follows: pressing temperature 180°C, time 10min; pressing pressure 5.3MPa; board thickness 5mm; board density 1.0g/cm3; average grain size 53µm; and powder with no furfural content.Part of this paper was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002 相似文献
73.
A split-root apparatus for examining the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on the water status of neighbouring crops 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We describe a split-root system for examining the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on crop growth. In this system, upper
lateral tree roots were grown in a container set on the ground through which the taproot of the tree could penetrate into
the moist soil below. The container, with a radius of 0.5 m and a height of 0.20 m, consisted of two compartments divided
by a waterproof barrier. A markhamia tree (Markhamia lutea (Benth.) Schumann) and upland rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) plants were planted in one compartment, with only rice plants planted in the other compartment. Irrigation of the container
was ceased at the start of the experiment. The stomatal conductance of the rice plants in the associated side, in which both
trees and rice plants were grown, declined more rapidly during the first drying period than in the rice-only compartment,
suggesting that there was competition for water between the tree and the crop plants. However, during the later drying period,
the rice plants in the associated side were green and viable, while those in the rice-only side became desiccated. Rice roots
were seen intermingling with tree roots, and the soil water content in the associated site tended to be higher than in the
rice-only side. It is likely that hydraulic lift occurred in the associated side and that water that had been transferred
to the surface roots was released into the soil, enabling the rice plants in this compartment to remain viable. This novel
system is useful for examination of the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on the growth of neighbouring crops.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
74.
Dede Hermawan Toshimitsu Hata Kenji Umemura Shuichi Kawai Wakatsu Nagadomi Yasuo Kuroki 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(4):294-300
This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards. 相似文献
75.
We compared patterns of acorn dispersal and predation by wood mice among four tree species (Quercus serrata, Quercus crispula, Castanea crenata, and Juglans mandshurica var. sieboldiana) that are abundant in cool temperate woodlands. We devised an acorn dispersal experiment using 400 magnet-inserted acorns and a magnetic locator in a 1.8-ha study plot, which spanned a cut-over area and an adjacent deciduous forest. Ten wire mesh baskets, each containing 40 acorns (10 acorns per species), were placed on the border between these two habitat types. About 13.0% (n = 52) of the total acorns remained in the baskets, while 77.3% (n = 309) were dispersed throughout the study plot and subsequently retrieved using the magnetic locator. Microhabitat, distance, and burial depth of transported acorns were significantly different among species. In the cut-over area, J. mandshurica var. sieboldiana acorns were dispersed under fallen trees or branches and near stumps, and were buried deeply in the soil. Dispersal distances of J. mandshurica var. sieboldiana acorns were significantly greater than those of Q. serrata acorns. The number and microhabitat of transported acorns significantly differed between habitat types. J. mandshurica var. sieboldiana acorns were dispersed in the cut-over area rather than in the forest. For all four species, the numbers of acorns delivered to fallen trees or branches, stumps, and crumbled soil with overhang under any vegetation type were greater in the cut-over area than in the forest. 相似文献
76.
Toshihiro Hata Kenji Umemura Hidefumi Yamauchi Akihiro Nakayama Shuichi Kawai Hikaru Sasaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(2):115-123
A new spiral-winder was developed for continuous manufacturing of cylindrical laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and a suitable resin adhesive for this cylindrical LVL manufacturing system was investigated. This phase was followed by trial manufacturing and evaluation of cylindrical LVL with the optimum resin adhesive identified. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The shortest gelation time was recorded with a mixture of two commercial resorcinol based resins (DF-1000 and D-33) at a weight ratio of 2575. (2) Bath temperature had a remarkable effect on the gelation time of the adhesive mix. (3) High bonding strength was recorded by 2575 DF-1000/D-33 adhesive mix at a high press temperature despite a short pressing duration. Based on the results of items (1) to (3), 2575 DF-1000/ D-33 is recommended for use in the new spiral-winder. (4) The mechanical properties of cylindrical LVL could be improved by using 2575 DF-1000/D-33 with wider veneer width and longer pressing time. (5) The mechanical properties, especially the modulus of rupture, of the cylindrical LVL manufactured require further improvement for practical structural application. 相似文献
77.
The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nonwood plant fiber bundles of ramie, pineapple, sansevieria,
kenaf, abaca, sisal, and coconut fiber bundles were investigated. All fibers except those of coconut fiber had noncircular
cross-sectional shapes. The crosssectional area of the fiber bundles was evaluated by an improved method using scanning electron
microscope images. The coefficient factor defined as the ratio of the cross-sectional area determined by diameter measurement,
to the cross-sectional area determined by image analysis was between 0.92 and 0.96 for all fibers. This indicated that the
area determined by diameter measurement was available. The densities of the fiber bundles decreased with increasing diameters.
The diameters of each fiber species had small variation of around 3.4%-9.8% within a specimen. The tensile strength and Young’s
modulus of ramie, pineapple, and sansevieria fiber bundles showed excellent values in comparison with the other fibers. The
tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter of fiber bundles. 相似文献
78.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plants are widely known for their contribution to the global and regional environment because of their ability to fix CO2. On the other hand, some scientists have doubts about CO2 fixation by kenaf and have misgivings about the effect of kenaf on the ecosystem. We have characterized the structural characteristics
of cell walls of bast fibers, cores, roots, and leaves of kenaf during the maturation of plants and investigated the rate
of photosynthesis. During maturation of the kenaf plant the cellulose (bast fiber 52–59%, core 44–46%) and lignin (bast fiber
9.3–13.2%, core 18.3–23.2%) contents increased significantly. The aromatic composition of the lignin of bast fiber was significantly
different from that of the core lignin and of other plants. The lignin of bast fiber appears similar to pure syringyl lignin.
Fixation of CO2 by kenaf plants and their contribution to the global environment are discussed. A significatly high rate of photosynthesis
of kenaf plants was observed compared to that of woody plants in Japan, but the amount of CO2 fixation depends on the characteristics of the plantation. If the kenaf was planted in high density, about twice as much
CO2 was fixed as was fixed by trees in a tropical rain forest.
Received: April 22, 2002 / Accepted: July 24, 2002
Acknowledgments This project was supported by the Science and Technology Agency (STA) fellowship of the Japan International Science and Technology
Exchange Center (JISTEC), which has been successfully applied by Dr. Shuji Hosoya, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute.
We thank Dr. Toshio Sumizono and Mr. Masao Sakurai, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, for their kind help in
determining the rate of photosynthesis and cultivating the kenaf plants, respectively. We also express our appreciation to
Dr. Quang Hung Le, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for offering information about the cultivation
of kenaf at Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City. 相似文献
79.
80.
Takayuki Anzai Masamichi Kaminishi Keizo Sato Laura Kaufman Hijiri Iwata Dai Nakae 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):57-64
The Standard for the Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND), adopted by the US FDA, is part of a set of regulations and guidances requiring the submission of standardized electronic study data for nonclinical and clinical data submissions. SEND is the nonclinical implementation of SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model), the standard electronic format for clinical regulatory submissions to FDA. SEND, SDTM, and the associated Controlled Terminology have been developed by CDISC (Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium). In order to successfully implement SEND, interdisciplinary contributions between sponsors and CROs, need a model for task allocation. This is being undertaken by the Pharmaceutical Users Software Exchange (PhUSE). Because SEND is currently the preferred submission format of the US FDA only and will become required by it starting in December 2016, only American academic societies and companies are actively involved. An exception to this is the INHAND initiative, which leads the way in standardizing terminology for toxicological pathology. On the other hand, international globalization of other clinical and nonclinical practices is not feasible because there are substantial differences between the US and non-US countries in CRO involvement in drug development. Thus, non-US countries must consider and develop approaches to SEND that meet their needs. This paper summarizes the activities of the major organizations involved in SEND development and implementation, discusses the effective use of SEND, and details a compliance scheme (research material of the Showa University School of Medicine) illustrating how pharmaceutical companies can complete a large amount of work up to an FDA application with the effective utilization of CROs and solution providers. 相似文献