不同产区宁夏枸杞果实的主成分分析与综合评价

以宁夏、青海、新疆3个产区的宁夏枸杞品种为试验材料,分析其外在品质(百粒质量、果形指数)和内在品质(多糖、甜菜碱、胡萝卜素)的差异,利用主成分分析建立综合评价模型进行品质综合评价。结果表明,不同产区的宁夏枸杞品质存在差异。主成分分析提取了前3个主成分,累计方差贡献率为91.71%。主成分综合评价结果表明,青海产区宁杞5号、1号和宁夏产区宁杞7号果实品质较好。     

不同产地野生黑果枸杞资源果实多酚组成分析

【目的】黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum Murr.）主要分布于中国西北地区。其果实在传统中药中被用来治疗心脏病、月经异常及停经等疾病。近年来,发现多酚特别是花色苷类物质是其主要的功效成分。测定并评价不同产地野生黑果枸杞果实中花色苷等多酚的组成情况,为黑果枸杞的品种选育及开发利用提供依据。【方法】采用分光光度计测定其总酚、总黄酮、总花色苷含量;采用HPLC-MS 方法分析鉴定黑果枸杞酚类物质组成及结构;并根据总多酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量及多酚共有峰峰面积分别对26个不同产地黑果枸杞的多酚检测结果进行聚类分析。【结果】26个不同产地的黑果枸杞资源果实的总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量的变化幅度分别为8.25-87.77 mg GAE·g^-1、18.03-60.44 mg RE·g^-1、8.21-31.46 mg·g^-1。不同产地的材料间差异较大,其中青海格尔木乌图美仁、新疆甘河子、新疆巴仑台镇、宁夏贺兰12-01黑果枸杞总酚、总黄酮及总花色苷含量较高;通过HPLC-MS分析鉴定,19个多酚类化合物被鉴定出。其中7个为酰化类花色苷,主要花色苷为Petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (cis-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside。在所有供试黑果枸杞不同产地的材料中共检测到12种共有酚类化合物,其中Petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (cis-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside在所有供试黑果枸杞中的含量均最高,是黑果枸杞花色苷类多酚的主要成分。各产地样品HPLC特征图谱相似,有个别质量较差的情况存在;聚类参数不同,聚类结果略有差异。根据总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量聚类,聚为7类,甘肃民勤中渠、新疆喀什、宁夏贺兰12-1聚为第六类,新疆甘河子单独聚为第七类,该两类总酚、总黄酮及总花色苷含量均含量分别介于57.74-87.77 mg·g^-1、41.52-55.46 mg·g^-1和12.25-28.54 mg·g^-1。总酚、总黄酮及总花色苷含量都很高,特别是新疆甘河子产地,可作为以多酚和花色苷含量为指标的优质良种材料。根据共有峰面积共聚为5类,其中宁夏贺兰12-1、青海格尔木乌图美仁、新疆甘河子为一类,该类峰面积很高,其中主成分峰面积介于2 350.84-3 092.94。新疆巴轮台镇单独一类,其主成分峰面积高达为3 579.96。【结论】26个不同产地的黑果枸杞中多数富含多酚类物质,特别是酰化矮牵牛素花色苷含量丰富,是较好的开发富含花色苷类多酚的功能性食品资源。     

Experimental infection of recent field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1

Two field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) designated as 00-015 and 00-035, were obtained from cats diagnosed as feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) in Japan. To analyze the character of recent FHV-1, these two isolates and our laboratory strain C7301 were inoculated experimentally to specific-pathogen-free cats. Although all cats showed typical FVR symptoms, more severe clinical symptoms were observed on cats infected with the isolates 00-015 and 00-035 compared with those of C7301-infected cats. Severe ocular lesions including conjunctivitis were found in the cats infected with the isolates, indicating that the recent FHV-1 has a potential to induce severe FVR symptoms including ocular lesions.     

太行山羊遗传检测

应用随机整群抽样方法，对太行山羊的两个群体共72只成年羊，用淀粉凝胶电泳法测定了33个血液蛋白座位，并对毛色和外形特征进行了检测。结果表明，运铁蛋白（Tf）、前白蛋白－3（Pa－3）、肽酶－B（Pep-B）、碱性磷酸酶（Alp）、亮氨酸胺肽酶（LAP）和酯酶－D（Es-D)6个血液蛋白座位表现多态性，多态位点比例为0．1818；12个类别 25种外型特征中7个有变异体；4个毛色座位有变异。平均杂合度分析表明，太行山羊变异程度较大（H＝0．555），说明太行山羊群体有效规模较大，目前尚未面临急 待保种的局面.     

Development of a Simple Method for Evaluation of Water Absorption Rate and Capacity of Rice Flour Samples

A simple method employing a commercially available canister was developed for the determination of mode of water absorption of rice flour samples. The samples prepared by four different grinding methods were used to analyze water absorption. The total amount of water in a flour sample was described by using an exponential model. Capacity and rate of water absorption of the samples were determined, and the relationship to baking quality of partially substituted rice bread was investigated. The water absorption was highly dependent on the method of grinding. Flours produced by wet jet‐milling of the grains, which absorbed a small amount of water at high speed, were most suitable for rice bread. The method was applicable to other food powders, provided that flour particles do not stick together or swell immediately upon contact with water.     

Epidemiological investigation of the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Japan.

To investigate the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in 692 weaned pigs with various clinical signs, commonly including wasting or weight loss, collected from 129 swine farms between 2000 and 2003. The presence of PMWS was diagnosed by the detection of characteristic histological lesions and moderate to large amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen within the lesions in multiple lymphoid tissues. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome was positive in 23.4% of pigs (162/692) over the course of the study, and occurred in 50.4% of the farms (65/129). Mortality in 30-120-day-old pigs in the farms positive for PMWS varied from 0.1 to 32.0%. No significant difference in mortality was seen between PMWS-positive and -negative farms (P = 0.1). However, mortality was significantly higher in the PMWS-positive farms where PMWS was diagnosed in more than 50% of the pigs examined compared to farms negative for PMWS (P = 0.02). These findings indicate that PMWS has spread widely in Japan. Moreover it may exist in variable forms in swine farms, including an epidemic form or a subtle endemic or sporadic form. A case-control study suggested that risk factors for the occurrence of PMWS include porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) pneumonias and Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection.     

Long-term survival of a cow with cervical ectopia cordis

This study investigated the long-term survival of a calf with cervical ectopia cordis that grew normally, became pregnant, and calved normally. The cow showed normal cardiac function and absence of peripheral circulation abnormalities. This paper documents antemortem characteristics of the affected cow.     

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed on milk and serum samples for detection of paratuberculosis in lactating dairy cows

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether results obtained for milk and serum samples with ELISAs intended for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in dairy cows were comparable to results obtained by means of mycobacterial culture of fecal samples. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 689 lactating dairy cows in 9 Ontario herds. PROCEDURE: Milk, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from all cows. Fecal samples were submitted for mycobacterial culture. Serum samples were tested with a commercially available ELISA for antibodies against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and preserved milk samples were tested with an indirect ELISA for antibodies against M paratuberculosis. RESULTS: Results were positive for 130 of the 689 (18.9%) serum samples, 77 of the 689 (11.1%) milk samples, and 72 of the 689 (10.4%) fecal samples. The level of agreement between results for milk and serum samples was only moderate. Proportions of positive results for serum and fecal samples were significantly different, but proportions of positive results for milk and fecal samples were not significantly different. In addition, results for milk samples had a higher level of agreement with results of mycobacterial culture than did results for serum samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the indirect ELISA used on milk samples may be a convenient method of detecting paratuberculosis in dairy herds.