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61.
62.
Rita M. Hanel DVM DACVIM DACVECC Lee Palmer DVM MS DACVECC NREMT‐T WEMT CCRP Janice Baker DVM DACVPM Jo‐Anne Brenner BA EMT‐I EMT‐T David Dorman DVM PhD DABVT John C. Gicking DVM DACVECC Brian Gilger DVM MS DACVO DABT Cynthia M. Otto DVM PhD DACVECC DACVSMR Elizabeth Rozanski DVM DACVECC DACVIM Brian Trumpatori DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(2):166-233
63.
Paolo Porzio DVM MVetSc John W. Pharr DVM MS Andrew L. Allen DVM MVetSc PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(3):238-243
There are many indications for an intravenous excretory urogram. However, where intravenous access is not available, the intraosseous route to the circulation may be an alternative. We found that safe and diagnostic excretory urograms could be obtained in rabbits following the injection of different contrast media via the intraosseous route. In fact, these excretory urograms were indistinguishable from ones obtained by the conventional intravenous route. While the rabbits did not develop any abnormal clinical signs following the procedure, there were postmortem histologic lesions of osteochondrosis in 5 of 22 (22.7%) tibias receiving an intraosseous needle, but in none of the 14 tibias that did not receive an intraosseous needle. Further, the use of diatrizoate was associated with the development of osteochondrosis while the use of iopamidol was not. 相似文献
64.
Christopher L. Mariani DVM Simon R. Platt BVMS MRCVS Susan M. Newell DVM MS Scott P. Terrell DVM Cheryl L. Chrisman DVM MS EDS Roger M. Clemmons DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(6):524-531
A 3-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog was examined because of severe, generalized seizure activity, tetraparesis, and encephalopathic signs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation was unremarkable except for a mild increase in protein. Serum and CSF titers for infectious diseases were negative. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination of the brain was performed and lesions were found within the cerebral gray matter of the temporal and parietal lobes. The lesions had increased signal intensity on T1, T2, and proton density-weighted images. There was mild inhomogeneous enhancement following intravenous contrast medium administration. Neurologic status improved and the seizures were well controlled, but the dog never regained normal mentation and euthanasia was performed 10 weeks after initial evaluation. At necropsy, severe cerebral cortical necrosis was found in the regions corresponding to the lesions seen on MR imaging examination. Large numbers of fat-containing macrophages (gitter cells) were found within these areas, and are thought to be responsible for the characteristic hyperintensity seen on the MR images. 相似文献
65.
Farshid Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei DVM PhD & R Eddie Clutton† BVSc MRCVS DVA Diplomate ECVAA MRCA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):55-62
ObjectiveTo compare n. facialis-m. nasolabialis (nF-mNL) and n. ulnar-mm. carpi flexorii (nU-mCF) sensitivity to vecuronium during halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia.Study designRandomized, prospective, experimental study.AnimalsForty-four client-owned dogs (19 male, 25 female) undergoing surgery; mean age: 5.0 years; mean body mass: 24.7 kg.MethodsThirty minutes after acepromazine (0.05 mg kg?1) and morphine (0.5 mg kg?1), anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) thiopental and maintained with either halothane (n = 22) or isoflurane (randomly allocated) in oxygen. The lungs were mechanically ventilated and end-tidal inhaled anaesthetic (Fe’IAA) maintained at 1.2 × MAC values. Neuromuscular transmission at nF-uNL and nU-mCF was monitored using the train of four count. Vecuronium (50 μg kg?1 IV) was injected (t = 0) after 15 trains, 50-60 minutes after inhalational anaesthesia began, when Fe’IAA had been constant for >15 minutes. Times of the disappearance (-) and reappearance (+) of the fourth (T4) and first twitch (T1) were recorded allowing the calculation of: latent (t = 0 to T4-) and manifest onset times (t = 0 to T1-) duration of blockade (T1- to T1+) and drug effect (T4- to T4+) and recovery time (T1+-T4+). Student’s paired t-test was used to compare simultaneous responses at nF-uNL and nU-mCF. An unpaired t-test was used to compare anaesthetic effects.ResultsLatent and manifest onset times were significantly (p < 0.05) briefer, blockade and drug effects were significantly longer and recovery from blockade were significantly slower in the nF-mNL unit in both halothane and isoflurane recipients. Profound block duration and drug action were significantly longer and recovery from blockade were significantly slower in halothane recipients at both nerve-muscle units.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe nF-mNL was more sensitive than nU-mCF to vecuronium, particularly in halothane-anaesthetized dogs. 相似文献
66.
NICOLE BUOTE DVM JASON FUSCO DVM Diplomate ACVS ROBERT RADASCH DVM MS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):481-489
Objective— To compare rates of contralateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in Labradors based on age and weight at initial rupture, sex, and tibial plateau angle (TPA) and to determine whether Labradors that rupture their initial cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) at an earlier age (<4 years) are more likely to rupture their contralateral side within a certain period of time. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Labradors (n=94) that had tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Methods— Two groups: no contralateral rupture (NR) and contralateral rupture (CR) were compared for significant (P<.05) differences in percentage of subsequent cruciate tears using a Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for sex. Adjusted odds ratios for likelihood of subsequent cruciate tears (yes/no) were estimated using logistic regression. Associations of these characteristics with time to subsequent rupture were assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis estimation. Predictors of presentation with bilateral ruptures (BR) versus single rupture were also evaluated using Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests and a generalized Fisher's exact test. Results— Subsequent CCLR occurred in 45 dogs (48%), and BR on admission were identified in 10 dogs (10.6%). Comparing NR and CR dogs, there were no significant differences between age or weight at initial rupture, sex or TPA; however there were associations toward longer time to CR for dogs older than the median age and female dogs (intact and spayed). There were no significant differences in age, sex, weight, or TPA of dogs with bilateral CCL ruptures compared with initial unilateral ruptures; however, there was a trend toward dogs presenting at an older age and with lower TPA's in the BR group. Among the 84 NR/CR dogs, the median time to rupture of the contralateral CCL was 5.5 months (95% CI 5.2–5.7). Conclusions— Age and weight at initial rupture, sex, and TPA does not affect likelihood or rate of contralateral CCL rupture or presentation with bilateral CCL ruptures. Clinical Relevance— Approximately 50% of Labradors will rupture the contralateral CCL within 5.5 months of the initial rupture but age, weight, sex, and TPA cannot be used as predictive features. 相似文献
67.
Interleukins: Biological Properties and Therapeutic Potential 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robyn E. Elmslie DVM Steven W. Dow DVM MS Gregory K. Ogilvie DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1991,5(5):283-293
Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Tremendous insight into the biochemical and biological properties of interleukins has been gained with advances in recombinant DNA technology, protein purification, and cell-culture techniques. The biological properties of interleukins include induction of T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augmentation of neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promotion of B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation. Interleukins may play a role in the pathogenesis of several important diseases. Interleukin therapy is likely to play an important role in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and immunodeficiency syndromes. 相似文献
68.
69.
Julie M. Barr BS Safdar A. Khan DVM MS PhD DABVT Sheila M. McCullough DVM MS DACVIM Petra A. Volmer DVM MS DABVT DABT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(3):196-202
Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care. 相似文献
70.
L. S. Gay D. S. Kronfeld PhD DSc MVSc A. Grimsley-Cook DVM MS J. J. Dascanio DVM A. O. Ordakowski-Burk PhD R. K. Splan PhD E. A. Dunnington PhD D. J. Sklan PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(3):115-120
Fat-soluble vitamins transfer poorly across the diffuse epitheliochorial placenta of the mare, so the neonatal foal is dependent on its supply via colostrum. Concentrations of retinol (RT), β-carotene (BC), and β-tocopherol (AT) were assayed in samples of plasma, colostrum and milk from nine mares of mixed light breeding and their foals at parturition and days 1, 2, and 4 postpartum. Samples were analyzed simultaneously for RT, BC, and AT using a new, less time-consuming reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Feeds were analyzed, and mean daily intakes calculated. Mare plasma RT increased from day 1 to day 4 (P = .033), and plasma AT declined linearly from day 0 to day 4 (P = .006). Colostrum concentrations of all vitamins increased from parturition to day 1, and then declined rapidly over the 4 days. Foal plasma BC increased from parturition to day 4 (P = .080), and plasma AT increased from parturition to day 2 (P < .001), and 4 (P = .060). These observations suggest that three times the current recommendation of vitamin A is sufficient for pregnant mares, in keeping with previous studies of growth, pregnancy, and lactation. In contrast, the linear decrease in mare plasma AT suggests that 1.2 times the current recommendation of vitamin E may be less than optimal for pregnant mares.