硇洲马尾藻人工育苗常见敌害生物及防治初探

本文调查了硇洲马尾藻人工育苗期间的主要敌害生物,并初步探讨了不同物理方法和化学药剂对其敌害生物的清除效果,旨在为人工育苗栽培提供基础资料。调查发现硅藻、刚毛藻、石莼、浒苔等附生藻类对硇洲马尾藻生长影响较大,蓝子鱼、麦秆虫和藻钩虾的摄食是硇洲马尾藻幼苗海区培育的主要危害。苗帘用5%硫酸铵药浴5min可抑制刚毛藻的生长,以2%柠檬酸药浴5min、0.3%醋酸药浴3min、3%硝酸铵药浴5min等均可药杀石莼、浒苔等附生绿藻,用640mg/L敌百虫浸泡10min可杀灭藻钩虾。     

Comparison of susceptibility of various fish species to experimental infection with channel catfish virus

Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is an acute haemorrhagic disease in juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). To date channel catfish is the only species affected by natural outbreaks of the CCV but juvenile large mouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and silurus ( Silurus meriaionalis ) have suffered high mortalities in recent years in China. Histopathological phenomenon of sick fish is similar to CCV disease, and the identified virus was CCV. In this report, the pathogenicity of infectious CCV was examined by infection trials on the first known host species, the channel catfish and other teleosts. Our results indicated that there were higher detection rates of CCV from large mouth bass and silurus fish. Channel catfish virus did not induce mortality in other cypriniformes, but histopathological studies revealed that carp might be infected by both bathing and intraperitoneal infection. No deaths, clinical or histopathological signs, were found in the six other species exposed by immersion or injection. Experimental infection studies confirm that CCV infect not only channel catfish but also other species (large mouth bass, silutus and carp). The outbreaks of CCV disease only occurred when the cultured temperature was above 25 °C.     

对虾病毒病的研究现状

主要依据９０年代关于对虾病毒病的资料,就对虾病毒的病原、诊断技术、预防进行综合述评,总结概括了对虾病毒病的研究现状。     

栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝及其杂交子代的MSAP分析

运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术对栉孔扇贝(♀)、虾夷扇贝(♂)及其杂交子一代、子二代基因组DNA胞嘧啶甲基化水平进行了研究,并分析了DNA甲基化与各性状的相关性及其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,(1)DNA甲基化率与壳宽、总重等表型值呈正相关的关系,而与壳长、壳高、软体重和闭壳肌重4个性状表型值呈负相关的关系,其中闭壳肌重与甲基化率的相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.01);(2)虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、F1代、F2代的总甲基化率分别为32.79%、24.13%、19.98%、20.18%,杂交种F1代的甲基化水平低于双亲,是两种扇贝杂交的结果;F1代的甲基化模式经过了重新调整,其变化相对其亲本主要有4种类型:甲基化水平相同、去甲基化、超甲基化、次甲基化,且去甲基化位点多于超甲基化位点。结果证实杂种优势的产生与杂交种F1代基因组DNA甲基化模式的改变和重新调整有关,丰富了杂种优势机理研究内容。     

细胞因子Daintain/AIF-1的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

由猪小肠中纯化鉴定Daintain/AIF-1,并以其为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术制备得到4株稳定分泌抗体的单克隆细胞株。对单抗效价、亚类、亲和常数进行分析,4株单抗都属于IgG1(κ)。又经West-ern blot证实,所制备的抗体能特异性与Daintain/AIF-1结合。     

大清河水系保定段城市河道浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

分别于2012年5、7、9、11月对大清河水系保定段城市河道的7个样点进行4次采样,调查浮游植物的群落结构并对水质进行评价。结果表明,在保定段城市河道中共鉴定出浮游植物7门、140种(属);其中,绿藻门69种,蓝藻门15种,硅藻门3种,裸藻门4种,隐藻门21种,金藻门24种,甲藻门4种。浮游植物种类数量变化规律为:5月>7月>9月>11月,位于上游清水桥采样点的浮游植物多样性均大于其他采样点。各点浮游植物密度均超过1000个/mL,水体达到富营养化程度。利用理化指标进行水质评价,大清河水系在流入保定市区之前水体处于中营养状态,流出保定市区时水体处于重度富营养状态。浮游植物密度指数评价结果与理化指标评价结果基本一致,而Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的评价结果与理化指标评价结果存在明显的差异。讨论了生物指数法对于城市河道水质评价的适用性。     

鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法雌性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果高剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平、性器官脏器指数显著高于空白对照组;中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的子宫外径显著高于空白对照组。结论灌胃给药12mg/kg鹿茸时,可使雌二醇含量增高,促进雌性器官生长发育,增强雌性昆明小鼠生殖功能。     

Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid profile and enzymatic activity of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The main objective of this investigation was to study the lipid requirements of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) based on growth performance, survival, moulting and fatty acid profile. Four test diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (3.63%, 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91%). Each diet was fed to 4 replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate initial weight (8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 13.91% lipid had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid, but no significant (p > 0.05) improvement of survival was observed when dietary lipid increase from 6.70% to 13.91%. Crabs fed diets with 10.72% and 13.91% lipid had significant higher weight gain(WG) than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid. While crabs fed with diets containing 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91% lipid showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain(WG). Moreover, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among other groups. The content of LC‐PUFA and DHA in the crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid was significant (p < 0.05) lower compared to other groups. But there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in EPA and ARA content among all groups. The activity of lipase increased as dietary lipid level increased (from 6.70% to 10.72%). However, beyond 10.72%, a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in lipase activity was observed. The regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that crab fed diet containing 10.47% lipid level is considered as optimum lipid level for its maximum growth and moulting process.     

套不同果袋对红富士苹果品质的影响

套袋对红富士苹果果实品质的形成有重要影响。研究表明:套袋能增加果皮中花青苷含量,降低叶绿素含量,提高果实着色指数和果面光洁指数,显著改善红富士苹果的外观品质;但套袋减小了单果质量,降低了苹果的糖、酸及VC含量等,使风味变淡,影响了内在品质。套袋可降低病虫果率,但套袋会增加除袋后的日烧果率。生产优质红富士苹果以套双层纸袋最好,单层纸袋次之。塑膜袋对提高果实品质的作用不明显,并且存在环境污染问题,应限制使用。     

植保无人机下洗气流对作物冠层作用规律研究

植保无人机作业过程中,旋翼下洗气流不仅会对雾滴沉积效果产生影响,还会对作物冠层产生扰动作用.揭示冠层扰动区域的特点,有助于理解无人机作业特征,可为优化雾滴沉积效果和施药系统提供理论依据.本文通过航拍方法和机器视觉技术研究了无人机下洗气流对作物冠层的影响.结果表明:单旋翼和多旋翼无人机下洗气流所引起的作物冠层扰动区域特征...